Prusa-Firmware/lang/translations.md

Translations

Workflow

• Build firmware using build.sh. That creates necessary files in the lang dir.
• add messages that are new: investigate not-tran.txt, copy selected strings into lang_add.txt and run lang-add.sh
• export PO files for translation: lang-export.sh
• when translators finish their work use lang-import.sh

Code / usage

There are 2 modes of operation. If LANG_MODE==0, only one language is being used (the default compilation approach from plain Arduino IDE). The reset of this explanation is devoted to LANG_MODE==1:

language.h:

#define PROGMEM_I2 __attribute__((section(".loc_sec")))
// section .loc_pri (originaly .progmem1) will be used for localized strings in english
#define PROGMEM_I1 __attribute__((section(".loc_pri")))
// section .noloc (originaly progmem2) will be used for not localized strings in english
#define PROGMEM_N1 __attribute__((section(".noloc")))
#define _I(s) (__extension__({static const char __c[] PROGMEM_I1 = "\xff\xff" s; &__c[0];}))
#define ISTR(s) "\xff\xff" s
#define _i(s) lang_get_translation(_I(s))
#define _T(s) lang_get_translation(s)

That explains the macros:

• _i expands into lang_get_translation((__extension__({static const char __c[] PROGMEM_I1 = "\xff\xff" s; &__c[0];}))) . Note the two 0xff's in the beginning of the string.
• _T expands into lang_get_translation(s) without the two 0xff's at the beginning.

The two 0xff's are somehow magically replaced by real string ID's where the translations are available (still don't know where).

const char* lang_get_translation(const char* s){
	if (lang_selected == 0) return s + 2; //primary language selected, return orig. str.
	if (lang_table == 0) return s + 2; //sec. lang table not found, return orig. str.
	uint16_t ui = pgm_read_word(((uint16_t*)s)); //read string id
	if (ui == 0xffff) return s + 2; //translation not found, return orig. str.
	ui = pgm_read_word(((uint16_t*)(((char*)lang_table + 16 + ui*2)))); //read relative offset
	if (pgm_read_byte(((uint8_t*)((char*)lang_table + ui))) == 0) //read first character
		return s + 2;//zero length string == not translated, return orig. str.
	return (const char*)((char*)lang_table + ui); //return calculated pointer
}

Files

lang_en.txt

#MSG_CRASH_DET_ONLY_IN_NORMAL c=20 r=4
"Crash detection can\x0abe turned on only in\x0aNormal mode"

lang_en_*.txt

#MSG_CRASH_DET_ONLY_IN_NORMAL c=20 r=4
"Crash detection can\x0abe turned on only in\x0aNormal mode"
"Crash detekce muze\x0abyt zapnuta pouze v\x0aNormal modu"

1. a comment - usually a MSG define with number of characters (c) and rows (r)
2. English text
3. translated text

not_tran.txt

A simple list of strings that are not translated yet.

not_used.txt

A list os strings not currently used in the firmware. May be removed from lang_en_*.txt files by hand.

Scripts

config.sh

• Checks setup and sets auxiliary env vars used in many other scripts.
• Looks for env var ARDUINO. If not found/empty, a default C:/arduino-1.8.5 is used.
• Sets env var CONFIG_OK=1 when all good, otherwise sets CONFIG_OK=0

fw-build.sh

Joins firmware HEX and language binaries into one file.

fw-clean.sh

lang-add.sh

Adds new messages into the dictionary regardless of whether there have been any older versions.

lang-build.sh

Generates lang_xx.bin (language binary files) for the whole firmware build.

Arguments:

• $1 : language code (en, cz, de, es, fr, it, pl) or all
• empty/no arguments defaults to all

Input: lang_en.txt or lang_en_xx.txt

Output: lang_xx.bin

Temporary files: lang_xx.tmp and lang_xx.dat

Description of the process: The script first runs lang-check.py $1 and removes empty lines and comments (and non-translated texts) into lang_$1.tmp. The tmp file now contains all translated texts (some of them empty, i.e. ""). The tmp file is then transformed into lang_$1.dat, which is a simple dump of all texts together, each terminated with a \x00. Format of the bin file:

• 00-01: A5 5A
• 02-03: B4 4B
• 04-05: 2B size
• 06-07: 2B number of strings
• 08-09: 2B checksum
• 0A-0B: 2B lang code hex data: basically en converted into ne, i.e. characters swapped. Only cz is changed into sc (old cs ISO code).
• 0C-0D: 2B signature low
• 0E-0F: 2B signature high
• 10-(10 + 2*number of strings): table of string offsets from the beginning of this file
• after the table there are the strings themselves, each terminated with \x00

The signature is composed of 2B number of strings and 2B checksum in lang_en.bin. Signature in lang_en.bin is zero.

lang-check.sh and lang-check.py

Both do the same, only lang-check.py is newer, i.e. lang-check.sh is not used anymore. lang-check.py makes a binary comparison between what's in the dictionary and what's in the binary.

lang-clean.sh

Removes all language output files from lang folder. That means deleting:

• if [ "$1" = "en" ]; then rm_if_exists lang_$1.tmp else rm_if_exists lang_$1.tmp rm_if_exists lang_en_$1.tmp rm_if_exists lang_en_$1.dif rm_if_exists lang_$1.ofs rm_if_exists lang_$1.txt fi rm_if_exists lang_$1_check.dif rm_if_exists lang_$1.bin rm_if_exists lang_$1.dat rm_if_exists lang_$1_1.tmp rm_if_exists lang_$1_2.tmp

lang-export.sh

Exports PO (gettext) for external translators.

lang-import.sh

Import from PO

progmem.sh

Examine content of progmem sections (default is progmem1).

Input:

• $OUTDIR/Firmware.ino.elf
• $OUTDIR/sketch/*.o (all object files)

Outputs:

• text.sym - formated symbol listing of section '.text'
• $PROGMEM.sym - formated symbol listing of section '.progmemX'
• $PROGMEM.lss - disassembly listing file
• $PROGMEM.hex - variables - hex
• $PROGMEM.chr - variables - char escape
• $PROGMEM.var - variables - strings
• $PROGMEM.txt - text data only (not used)

Description of process:

• check input files
• remove output files
• list symbol table of section '.text' from output elf file to text.sym (sorted by address)
• calculate start and stop address of section '.$PROGMEM'
• dump $PROGMEM data in hex format, cut disassembly (keep hex data only) into $PROGMEM.lss
• convert $PROGMEM.lss to $PROGMEM.hex:
• replace empty lines with '|' (variables separated by empty lines)
• remove address from multiline variables (keep address at first variable line only)
• remove '<' and '>:', remove whitespace at end of lines
• remove line-endings, replace separator with '\n' (join hex data lines - each line will contain single variable)
• convert $PROGMEM.hex to $PROGMEM.chr (prepare string data for character check and conversion)
• replace first space with tab
• replace second and third space with tab and space
• replace all remaining spaces with '\x'
• replace all tabs with spaces
• convert $PROGMEM.chr to $PROGMEM.var (convert data to text) - a set of special characters is escaped here including \x0a

textaddr.sh

Compiles progmem1.var and lang_en.txt files to textaddr.txt file (mapping of progmem addreses to text idenifiers).

Description of process:

• check if input files exists
• create sorted list of strings from progmem1.var and lang_en.txt
• lines from progmem1.var will contain addres (8 chars) and english text
• lines from lang_en.txt will contain linenumber and english text
• after sort this will generate pairs of lines (line from progmem1 first)
• result of sort is compiled with simple script and stored into file textaddr.txt

Input:

• progmem1.var
• lang_en.txt

Output:

• textaddr.txt

update_lang.sh