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Improve performance of extra perimeters on overhangs (#9)

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Use polygons instead of ExPolygons
remove unnecessary unions of expensive areas
Smoothen the anchors via opening and closing
This commit is contained in:
Pavel Mikuš 2022-11-16 11:33:00 +01:00 committed by GitHub
parent 7c63e94515
commit 294839eb24
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1 changed files with 91 additions and 119 deletions
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src/libslic3r/PerimeterGenerator.cpp
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@ -768,54 +768,47 @@ ExtrusionPaths sort_and_connect_extra_perimeters(const std::vector<ExtrusionPath
}
#define EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS ClipperLib::jtSquare, 0.
//#define EXTRA_PERIM_DEBUG_FILES
// #define EXTRA_PERIM_DEBUG_FILES
// Function will generate extra perimeters clipped over nonbridgeable areas of the provided surface and returns both the new perimeters and
// Polygons filled by those clipped perimeters
std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over_overhangs(const Surface &surface,
ExPolygons infill_area,
std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over_overhangs(ExPolygons infill_area,
const Polygons &lower_slices_polygons,
const Flow &overhang_flow,
size_t standard_perimeters_count,
double scaled_resolution,
const PrintObjectConfig &object_config,
const PrintConfig &print_config)
{
coord_t anchors_size = scale_(EXTERNAL_INFILL_MARGIN);
ExPolygons local_area = intersection_ex({surface.expolygon}, infill_area);
ExPolygons anchors = intersection_ex(local_area, lower_slices_polygons);
ExPolygons overhangs = diff_ex(local_area, lower_slices_polygons);
if (overhangs.empty()) {
return {};
}
Polygons anchors = intersection(infill_area, lower_slices_polygons);
Polygons overhangs = diff(infill_area, lower_slices_polygons);
if (overhangs.empty()) { return {}; }
ExPolygons inset_anchors; // anchored area inset by the anchor length
Polygons inset_anchors; // anchored area inset by the anchor length
{
std::vector<double> deltas{anchors_size * 0.15 + 0.5 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing(),
anchors_size * 0.33 + 0.5 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing(),
anchors_size * 0.66 + 0.5 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing(), anchors_size * 1.00};
std::vector<ExPolygons> anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size{};
std::vector<Polygons> anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size{};
for (double delta : deltas) {
anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size.push_back(diff_ex(anchors, offset_ex(overhangs, delta, EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS)));
anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size.push_back(diff(anchors, expand(overhangs, delta, EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS)));
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size.size() - 1; i++) {
ExPolygons clipped = diff_ex(anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i], offset_ex(anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i + 1],
Polygons clipped = diff(anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i], expand(anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i + 1],
deltas[i + 1], EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS));
anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i] = intersection_ex(anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i],
offset_ex(clipped, deltas[i] + deltas[i + 1],
anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i] = intersection(anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i],
expand(clipped, deltas[i+1] + 0.1*overhang_flow.scaled_spacing(),
EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS));
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size.size(); i++) {
inset_anchors.insert(inset_anchors.end(), anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i].begin(),
anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i].end());
inset_anchors = union_(inset_anchors, anchor_areas_w_delta_anchor_size[i]);
}
inset_anchors = union_ex(inset_anchors);
inset_anchors = closing_ex(to_polygons(inset_anchors), 1.0 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing(), 1.0 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing(),
EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS);
inset_anchors = opening(inset_anchors, 0.8 * deltas[0], EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS);
inset_anchors = closing(inset_anchors, 0.8 * deltas[0], EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS);
#ifdef EXTRA_PERIM_DEBUG_FILES
{
@ -832,58 +825,57 @@ std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over
#endif
}
ExPolygons inset_overhang_area = diff_ex(local_area, inset_anchors);
ExPolygons repeated_area = offset_ex(intersection_ex(offset_ex(inset_overhang_area, 1.10 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing(),
EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS),
inset_anchors),
0.1 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing(), EXTRA_PERIMETER_OFFSET_PARAMETERS);
Polygons inset_overhang_area = diff(infill_area, inset_anchors);
#ifdef EXTRA_PERIM_DEBUG_FILES
{
BoundingBox bbox = get_extents(inset_overhangs_w_anchors);
BoundingBox bbox = get_extents(inset_overhang_area);
bbox.offset(scale_(1.));
::Slic3r::SVG svg(debug_out_path("inset_overhangs_w_anchors").c_str(), bbox);
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_overhangs_w_anchors)) svg.draw(line, "purple", scale_(0.25));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_overhang_area)) svg.draw(line, "red", scale_(0.20));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(repeated_area)) svg.draw(line, "green", scale_(0.15));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_anchors)) svg.draw(line, "yellow", scale_(0.10));
::Slic3r::SVG svg(debug_out_path("inset_overhang_area").c_str(), bbox);
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_anchors)) svg.draw(line, "purple", scale_(0.25));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_overhang_area)) svg.draw(line, "red", scale_(0.15));
svg.Close();
}
#endif
Polygons area_left_unfilled;
Polygons inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled;
std::vector<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>> extra_perims; // overhang region -> shell -> shell parts
for (const ExPolygon &overhang : inset_overhang_area) {
ExPolygons overhang_to_cover = {overhang};
overhang_to_cover.insert(overhang_to_cover.end(), repeated_area.begin(), repeated_area.end());
overhang_to_cover = union_ex(overhang_to_cover);
for (const ExPolygon &overhang : union_ex(to_expolygons(inset_overhang_area))) {
Polygons overhang_to_cover = to_polygons(overhang);
Polygons expanded_overhang_to_cover = expand(overhang_to_cover, 1.1 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing());
Polygons shrinked_overhang_to_cover = shrink(overhang_to_cover, 0.1 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing());
ExPolygons real_overhang = intersection_ex({overhang_to_cover}, overhangs);
Polygons real_overhang = intersection(overhang_to_cover, overhangs);
if (real_overhang.empty()) {
area_left_unfilled = union_(area_left_unfilled, to_polygons(overhang_to_cover));
inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled.insert(inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled.end(), overhang_to_cover.begin(),
overhang_to_cover.end());
continue;
}
extra_perims.emplace_back();
std::vector<ExtrusionPaths> &overhang_region = extra_perims.back();
ExPolygons anchoring = intersection_ex({overhang_to_cover}, inset_anchors);
ExPolygons perimeter_polygon = offset_ex(overhang_to_cover, -overhang_flow.scaled_spacing() * 0.6);
Polygons anchoring = intersection(expanded_overhang_to_cover, inset_anchors);
Polygons perimeter_polygon = offset(union_(expand(overhang_to_cover, 0.1 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing()), anchoring),
-overhang_flow.scaled_spacing() * 0.6);
double perimeter_polygon_area = area(perimeter_polygon);
Polygon anchoring_convex_hull = Geometry::convex_hull(anchoring);
double unbridgeable_area = area(diff_ex(perimeter_polygon, {anchoring_convex_hull}));
for (const ExPolygon &exp : perimeter_polygon) {
for (const Polygon &hole : exp.holes) { unbridgeable_area += std::abs(area(hole)); }
double unbridgeable_area = area(diff(real_overhang, {anchoring_convex_hull}));
// penalize also holes
for (const Polygon &poly : perimeter_polygon) {
if (poly.is_clockwise()) { // hole, penalize bridges.
unbridgeable_area += std::abs(area(poly));
}
auto [dir, unsupp_dist] = detect_bridging_direction(to_polygons(real_overhang), to_polygons(anchors));
}
auto [dir, unsupp_dist] = detect_bridging_direction(real_overhang, anchors);
#ifdef EXTRA_PERIM_DEBUG_FILES
{
BoundingBox bbox = get_extents(inset_overhang_area);
BoundingBox bbox = get_extents(anchoring_convex_hull);
bbox.offset(scale_(1.));
::Slic3r::SVG svg(debug_out_path(("bridge_check").c_str()).c_str(), bbox);
::Slic3r::SVG svg(debug_out_path("bridge_check").c_str(), bbox);
for (const Line &line : to_lines(perimeter_polygon)) svg.draw(line, "purple", scale_(0.25));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(real_overhang)) svg.draw(line, "red", scale_(0.20));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(anchoring_convex_hull)) svg.draw(line, "green", scale_(0.15));
@ -892,10 +884,8 @@ std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over
svg.Close();
}
#endif
auto total_length_of_real_overhang = total_length(to_polygons(real_overhang));
if (unbridgeable_area < 0.2 * perimeter_polygon_area && unsupp_dist < total_length_of_real_overhang * 0.5) {
area_left_unfilled = union_(area_left_unfilled, to_polygons(overhang_to_cover));
if (unbridgeable_area < 0.2 * area(real_overhang) && unsupp_dist < total_length(real_overhang) * 0.125) {
inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled.insert(inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled.end(),overhang_to_cover.begin(),overhang_to_cover.end());
perimeter_polygon.clear();
} else {
// fill the overhang with perimeters
@ -903,16 +893,15 @@ std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over
while (continuation_loops > 0) {
auto prev = perimeter_polygon;
// prepare next perimeter lines
Polylines perimeter = intersection_pl(to_polylines(perimeter_polygon), inset_overhang_area);
Polylines perimeter = intersection_pl(to_polylines(perimeter_polygon), shrinked_overhang_to_cover);
// do not add the perimeter to result yet, first check if perimeter_polygon is not empty after shrinking - this would mean
// that the polygon was possibly too small for full perimeter loop and in that case try gap fill first
perimeter_polygon.insert(perimeter_polygon.end(), anchoring.begin(), anchoring.end());
perimeter_polygon = union_ex(perimeter_polygon);
perimeter_polygon = intersection_ex({overhang_to_cover}, offset_ex(perimeter_polygon, -overhang_flow.scaled_spacing()));
perimeter_polygon = union_(perimeter_polygon, anchoring);
perimeter_polygon = intersection(offset(perimeter_polygon, -overhang_flow.scaled_spacing()), expanded_overhang_to_cover);
if (perimeter_polygon.empty()) { // fill possible gaps of single extrusion width
ExPolygons shrinked = offset_ex(prev, -0.4 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing());
Polygons shrinked = offset(prev, -0.4 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing());
if (!shrinked.empty()) {
overhang_region.emplace_back();
extrusion_paths_append(overhang_region.back(), perimeter, erOverhangPerimeter, overhang_flow.mm3_per_mm(),
@ -922,8 +911,10 @@ std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over
Polylines fills;
ExPolygons gap = shrinked.empty() ? offset_ex(prev, overhang_flow.scaled_spacing() * 0.5) :
offset_ex(prev, -overhang_flow.scaled_spacing() * 0.5);
//gap = expolygons_simplify(gap, overhang_flow.scaled_spacing());
for (const ExPolygon &ep : gap) {
ep.medial_axis(overhang_flow.scaled_spacing() * 2.0, 0.35 * overhang_flow.scaled_width(), &fills);
ep.medial_axis(overhang_flow.scaled_spacing() * 2.0, 0.3 * overhang_flow.scaled_width(), &fills);
}
if (!fills.empty()) {
fills = intersection_pl(fills, inset_overhang_area);
@ -938,10 +929,7 @@ std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over
overhang_flow.width(), overhang_flow.height());
}
if (intersection(perimeter_polygon, real_overhang).empty()) {
continuation_loops--;
}
if (intersection(perimeter_polygon, real_overhang).empty()) { continuation_loops--; }
if (prev == perimeter_polygon) {
#ifdef EXTRA_PERIM_DEBUG_FILES
@ -957,15 +945,14 @@ std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over
break;
}
}
Polylines perimeter = intersection_pl(to_polylines(perimeter_polygon), inset_overhang_area);
Polylines perimeter = intersection_pl(to_polylines(perimeter_polygon), shrinked_overhang_to_cover);
overhang_region.emplace_back();
extrusion_paths_append(overhang_region.back(), perimeter, erOverhangPerimeter, overhang_flow.mm3_per_mm(),
overhang_flow.width(), overhang_flow.height());
perimeter_polygon = offset_ex(perimeter_polygon, 0.5 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing());
perimeter_polygon.insert(perimeter_polygon.end(), anchoring.begin(), anchoring.end());
perimeter_polygon = union_ex(perimeter_polygon);
area_left_unfilled = union_(area_left_unfilled, to_polygons(perimeter_polygon));
perimeter_polygon = expand(perimeter_polygon, 0.5 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing());
perimeter_polygon = union_(perimeter_polygon, anchoring);
inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled.insert(inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled.end(), perimeter_polygon.begin(),perimeter_polygon.end());
#ifdef EXTRA_PERIM_DEBUG_FILES
BoundingBox bbox = get_extents(inset_overhang_area);
@ -974,30 +961,32 @@ std::tuple<std::vector<ExtrusionPaths>, Polygons> generate_extra_perimeters_over
for (const Line &line : to_lines(perimeter_polygon)) svg.draw(line, "blue", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(anchoring)) svg.draw(line, "green", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(overhang_to_cover)) svg.draw(line, "yellow", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(area_left_unfilled)) svg.draw(line, "red", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled)) svg.draw(line, "red", scale_(0.05));
svg.Close();
#endif
std::reverse(overhang_region.begin(), overhang_region.end()); //reverse the order, It shall be printed from inside out
std::reverse(overhang_region.begin(), overhang_region.end()); // reverse the order, It shall be printed from inside out
}
}
std::vector<ExtrusionPaths> result{};
for (const std::vector<ExtrusionPaths> &paths : extra_perims) {
result.push_back(sort_and_connect_extra_perimeters(paths, 1.5 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing()));
result.push_back(sort_and_connect_extra_perimeters(paths, 2.0 * overhang_flow.scaled_spacing()));
}
#ifdef EXTRA_PERIM_DEBUG_FILES
BoundingBox bbox = get_extents(inset_overhang_area);
bbox.offset(scale_(2.));
::Slic3r::SVG svg(debug_out_path(("final" + std::to_string(rand())).c_str()).c_str(), bbox);
for (const Line &line : to_lines(area_left_unfilled)) svg.draw(line, "blue", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_overhangs_w_anchors)) svg.draw(line, "green", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(diff(inset_overhangs_w_anchors, area_left_unfilled))) svg.draw(line, "yellow", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled)) svg.draw(line, "blue", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(inset_overhang_area)) svg.draw(line, "green", scale_(0.05));
for (const Line &line : to_lines(diff(inset_overhang_area, inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled))) svg.draw(line, "yellow", scale_(0.05));
svg.Close();
#endif
return {result, diff(inset_overhang_area, area_left_unfilled)};
inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled = union_(inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled);
return {result, diff(inset_overhang_area, inset_overhang_area_left_unfilled)};
}
// Thanks, Cura developers, for implementing an algorithm for generating perimeters with variable width (Arachne) that is based on the paper
@ -1215,31 +1204,23 @@ void PerimeterGenerator::process_arachne()
// collapse too narrow infill areas
const auto min_perimeter_infill_spacing = coord_t(solid_infill_spacing * (1. - INSET_OVERLAP_TOLERANCE));
// append infill areas to fill_surfaces
this->fill_surfaces->append(
offset2_ex(
union_ex(pp),
float(- min_perimeter_infill_spacing / 2.),
float(inset + min_perimeter_infill_spacing / 2.)),
stInternal);
// append infill areas to fill_surfaces
ExPolygons infill_areas = offset2_ex(union_ex(pp), float(-min_perimeter_infill_spacing / 2.),
float(inset + min_perimeter_infill_spacing / 2.));
this->fill_surfaces->append(infill_areas, stInternal);
if (this->lower_slices != nullptr && this->config->overhangs && this->config->extra_perimeters_on_overhangs &&
this->config->perimeters > 0 && this->layer_id > this->object_config->raft_layers) {
// Generate extra perimeters on overhang areas, and cut them to these parts only, to save print time and material
ExPolygons infill_area;
for (const auto &internal_surface : this->fill_surfaces->surfaces) { infill_area.push_back(internal_surface.expolygon); }
auto [extra_perimeters,
filled_area] = generate_extra_perimeters_over_overhangs(surface, infill_area,
auto [extra_perimeters, filled_area] = generate_extra_perimeters_over_overhangs(infill_areas,
this->lower_slices_polygons(),
this->overhang_flow, this->config->perimeters,
this->m_scaled_resolution,
this->overhang_flow, this->m_scaled_resolution,
*this->object_config, *this->print_config);
if (!extra_perimeters.empty()) {
ExtrusionEntityCollection *this_islands_perimeters = static_cast<ExtrusionEntityCollection *>(this->loops->entities.back());
ExtrusionEntityCollection new_perimeters{};
new_perimeters.no_sort = this_islands_perimeters->no_sort;
for (const ExtrusionPaths& paths : extra_perimeters) {
new_perimeters.append(paths);
}
for (const ExtrusionPaths &paths : extra_perimeters) { new_perimeters.append(paths); }
new_perimeters.append(this_islands_perimeters->entities);
this_islands_perimeters->swap(new_perimeters);
@ -1516,34 +1497,25 @@ void PerimeterGenerator::process_classic()
// collapse too narrow infill areas
coord_t min_perimeter_infill_spacing = coord_t(solid_infill_spacing * (1. - INSET_OVERLAP_TOLERANCE));
// append infill areas to fill_surfaces
this->fill_surfaces->append(
offset2_ex(
union_ex(pp),
float(- inset - min_perimeter_infill_spacing / 2.),
float(min_perimeter_infill_spacing / 2.)),
stInternal);
ExPolygons infill_areas = offset2_ex(union_ex(pp), float(-inset - min_perimeter_infill_spacing / 2.),
float(min_perimeter_infill_spacing / 2.));
this->fill_surfaces->append(infill_areas, stInternal);
if (this->lower_slices != nullptr && this->config->overhangs && this->config->extra_perimeters_on_overhangs &&
this->config->perimeters > 0 && this->layer_id > this->object_config->raft_layers) {
// Generate extra perimeters on overhang areas, and cut them to these parts only, to save print time and material
ExPolygons infill_area;
for (const auto &internal_surface : this->fill_surfaces->surfaces) { infill_area.push_back(internal_surface.expolygon); }
auto [extra_perimeters, filled_area] = generate_extra_perimeters_over_overhangs(surface, infill_area,
auto [extra_perimeters, filled_area] = generate_extra_perimeters_over_overhangs(infill_areas,
this->lower_slices_polygons(),
this->overhang_flow, this->config->perimeters,
this->m_scaled_resolution,
this->overhang_flow, this->m_scaled_resolution,
*this->object_config, *this->print_config);
if (!extra_perimeters.empty()) {
ExtrusionEntityCollection *this_islands_perimeters = static_cast<ExtrusionEntityCollection *>(this->loops->entities.back());
ExtrusionEntityCollection new_perimeters{};
new_perimeters.no_sort = this_islands_perimeters->no_sort;
for (const ExtrusionPaths& paths : extra_perimeters) {
new_perimeters.append(paths);
}
for (const ExtrusionPaths &paths : extra_perimeters) { new_perimeters.append(paths); }
new_perimeters.append(this_islands_perimeters->entities);
this_islands_perimeters->swap(new_perimeters);
SurfaceCollection orig_surfaces = *this->fill_surfaces;
this->fill_surfaces->clear();
for (const auto &surface : orig_surfaces.surfaces) {