diff --git a/README.markdown b/README.markdown index 8fe787b70..ee3d088ff 100644 --- a/README.markdown +++ b/README.markdown @@ -28,20 +28,26 @@ Also, http://xkcd.com/224/ ## What's its current status? -Slic3r can now successfully parse and analyze an STL file by slicing it in -layers and representing internally the following features: +Slic3r is able to: -* holes in surfaces; -* external top/bottom surfaces. +* read binary and ASCII STL files; +* generate multiple perimeters (skins); +* generate rectilinear feed (100% solid for external surfaces or with customizable less density for inner surfaces); +* use relative or absolute extrusion commands; +* center print around bed center point; +* output relevant GCODE. -This kind of abstraction will allow to implement particular logic and allow the -user to specify custom options. +Roadmap include the following goals: -It is also able to generate perimeters and to produce working GCODE. -To reach a minimum level of usability, I need to implement an algorithm to generate -surface fill. - -Future goals include support material, options to control bridges, skirt, cool. +* set up a command line interface and hide debug messages; +* output some statistics; +* allow the user to customize initial and final GCODE commands; +* option for filling multiple solid layers near external surfaces; +* support material for internal perimeters; +* ability to infill in the direction of bridges; +* skirt; +* cool; +* nice packaging for cross-platform deployment. ## Is it usable already? diff --git a/lib/Slic3r.pm b/lib/Slic3r.pm index f72dd1eab..b0eaddb5c 100644 --- a/lib/Slic3r.pm +++ b/lib/Slic3r.pm @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use strict; use warnings; use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath; +use Slic3r::Fill; use Slic3r::Layer; use Slic3r::Line; use Slic3r::Perimeter; @@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ use Slic3r::Surface; our $layer_height = 0.4; our $resolution = 0.1; our $perimeter_offsets = 3; +our $fill_density = 0.2; # 1 = 100% our $flow_width = 0.4; # TODO: verify this is a multiple of $resolution our $temperature = 195; diff --git a/lib/Slic3r/Fill.pm b/lib/Slic3r/Fill.pm new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e01f0304 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/Slic3r/Fill.pm @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +package Slic3r::Fill; +use Moose; + +use Slic3r::Fill::Rectilinear; + +1; diff --git a/lib/Slic3r/Fill/Rectilinear.pm b/lib/Slic3r/Fill/Rectilinear.pm new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e3be8072 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/Slic3r/Fill/Rectilinear.pm @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +package Slic3r::Fill::Rectilinear; +use Moose; + +use constant epsilon => 1E-10; +use constant PI => 4 * atan2(1, 1); +use constant X1 => 0; +use constant Y1 => 1; +use constant X2 => 2; +use constant Y2 => 3; + +use Math::Geometry::Planar; +use XXX; + +sub make_fill { + my $self = shift; + my ($print, $layer) = @_; + printf "Filling layer %d:\n", $layer->id; + + # let's alternate fill direction + my @axes = $layer->id % 2 == 0 ? (0,1) : (1,0); + printf " primary axis: %d\n", $axes[0]; + + foreach my $surface (@{ $layer->fill_surfaces }) { + printf " Processing surface %s:\n", $surface->id; + my $polygon = $surface->mgp_polygon; + + # rotate surface as needed + if ($axes[0] == 1) { + $polygon = $polygon->rotate(PI/2)->move($print->x_length, $print->y_length); + } + + # force 100% density for external surfaces + my $density = $surface->surface_type eq 'internal' ? $Slic3r::fill_density : 1; + my $distance_between_lines = $Slic3r::flow_width / $Slic3r::resolution / $density; + my $number_of_lines = ($axes[0] == 0 ? $print->x_length : $print->y_length) / $distance_between_lines; + + #printf "distance_between_lines = %f\n", $distance_between_lines; + #printf "number_of_lines = %d\n", $number_of_lines; + #printf "axes = %d, %d\n", @axes; + + # this arrayref will hold intersection points of the fill grid with surface segments + my $points = [ map [], 0..$number_of_lines-1 ]; + foreach my $line (map $self->_lines_from_mgp_points($_), @{ $polygon->polygons }) { + + # for a possible implementation of "infill in direction of bridges" + # we should rotate $line so that primary axis is in detected direction; + # then, generated extrusion paths should be rotated back to the original + # coordinate system + + # find out the coordinates + my @coordinates = map @$_, @$line; + printf "Segment %d,%d - %d,%d\n", @coordinates; + + # get the extents of the segment along the primary axis + my @line_c = sort ($coordinates[X1], $coordinates[X2]); + + for (my $c = $line_c[0]; $c <= $line_c[1]; $c += $distance_between_lines) { + my $i = sprintf('%.0f', $c / $distance_between_lines) - 1; + + # if the segment is parallel to our ray, there will be two intersection points + if ($line_c[0] == $line_c[1]) { + printf " Segment is parallel!\n"; + push @{ $points->[$i] }, $coordinates[Y1], $coordinates[Y2]; + printf " intersections at %f (%d) = %f, %f\n", $c, $i, $points->[$i][-2], $points->[$i][-1]; + } else { + printf " Segment NOT parallel!\n"; + # one point of intersection + push @{ $points->[$i] }, $coordinates[Y1] + ($coordinates[Y2] - $coordinates[Y1]) + * ($c - $coordinates[X1]) / ($coordinates[X2] - $coordinates[X1]); + printf " intersection at %f (%d) = %f\n", $c, $i, $points->[$i][-1]; + } + } + } + + # sort and remove duplicates + $points = [ + map { + my %h = map { sprintf("%.0f", $_) => 1 } @$_; + [ sort keys %h ]; + } @$points + ]; + + # generate extrusion paths + my (@paths, @path_points) = (); + my $direction = 0; + + my $stop_path = sub { + # defensive programming + if (@path_points == 1) { + YYY \@path_points; + die "There shouldn't be only one point in the current path"; + } + + # if we were constructing a path, stop it + push @paths, [ @path_points ] if @path_points; + @path_points = (); + }; + + # loop until we have spare points + while (map @$_, @$points) { + + # loop through rows + ROW: for (my $i = 0; $i < $number_of_lines; $i++) { + my $row = $points->[$i]; + printf "Processing row %d...\n", $i; + if (!@$row) { + printf " no points\n"; + $stop_path->(); + next ROW; + } + printf " points = %s\n", join ', ', @$row; + + # coordinate of current row + my $c = ($i + 1) * $distance_between_lines; + + # need to start a path? + if (!@path_points) { + push @path_points, [ $c, shift @$row ]; + } + + my @connectable_points = $self->find_connectable_points($polygon, $path_points[-1], $c, $row); + @connectable_points = reverse @connectable_points if $direction == 1; + printf " found %d connectable points = %s\n", scalar(@connectable_points), + join ', ', @connectable_points; + + if (!@connectable_points && @path_points && $path_points[-1][0] != $c) { + # no connectable in this row + $stop_path->(); + } + + foreach my $p (@connectable_points) { + push @path_points, [ $c, $p ]; + @$row = grep $_ != $p, @$row; # remove point from row + } + + # invert direction + $direction = $direction ? 0 : 1; + } + $stop_path->() if @path_points; + } + + # paths must be rotated back + if ($axes[0] == 1) { + @paths = map $self->_mgp_from_points_ref($_)->move(-$print->x_length, -$print->y_length)->rotate(-PI()/2)->points, @paths; + } + + # save into layer + push @{ $layer->fills }, map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new_from_points(@$_), @paths; + } +} + +# this function will select the first contiguous block of +# points connectable to a given one +sub find_connectable_points { + my $self = shift; + my ($polygon, $point, $c, $points) = @_; + + my @connectable_points = (); + foreach my $p (@$points) { + push @connectable_points, $p + if $self->can_connect($polygon, $point, [ $c, $p ]); + } + return @connectable_points; +} + +# this subroutine tries to determine whether two points in a surface +# are connectable without crossing contour or holes +sub can_connect { + my $self = shift; + my ($polygon, $p1, $p2) = @_; + + # there's room for optimization here + + # this is not needed since we assume that $p1 and $p2 belong to $polygon + ###for ($p1, $p2) { + ###return 0 unless $polygon->isinside($_); + ###} + + # check whether the $p1-$p2 segment doesn't intersect any segment + # of the contour or of holes + foreach my $points (@{ $polygon->polygons }) { + foreach my $line ($self->_lines_from_mgp_points($points)) { + my $point = SegmentIntersection([$p1, $p2, @$line]); + if ($point && !$self->points_coincide($point, $p1) && !$self->points_coincide($point, $p2)) { + return 0; + } + } + } + + return 1; +} + +sub points_coincide { + my $self = shift; + my ($p1, $p2) = @_; + return 0 if $p2->[0] - $p1->[0] < epsilon && $p2->[1] - $p1->[1] < epsilon; + return 1; +} + +sub _lines_from_mgp_points { + my $self = shift; + my ($points) = @_; + + my @lines = (); + my $last_point = $points->[-1]; + foreach my $point (@$points) { + push @lines, [ $last_point, $point ]; + $last_point = $point; + } + return @lines; +} + +sub _mgp_from_points_ref { + my $self = shift; + my ($points) = @_; + my $p = Math::Geometry::Planar->new; + $p->points($points); + return $p; +} + +1; diff --git a/lib/Slic3r/Layer.pm b/lib/Slic3r/Layer.pm index 933c5e6b7..7f84105a3 100644 --- a/lib/Slic3r/Layer.pm +++ b/lib/Slic3r/Layer.pm @@ -55,6 +55,13 @@ has 'fill_surfaces' => ( default => sub { [] }, ); +# ordered collection of extrusion paths to fill surfaces +has 'fills' => ( + is => 'rw', + isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::ExtrusionPath]', + default => sub { [] }, +); + sub z { my $self = shift; return $self->id * $Slic3r::layer_height / $Slic3r::resolution; diff --git a/lib/Slic3r/Line.pm b/lib/Slic3r/Line.pm index 147e5635e..2cdead36b 100644 --- a/lib/Slic3r/Line.pm +++ b/lib/Slic3r/Line.pm @@ -45,6 +45,11 @@ sub id { return $self->a->id . "-" . $self->b->id; } +sub coordinates { + my $self = shift; + return ($self->a->coordinates, $self->b->coordinates); +} + sub coincides_with { my $self = shift; my ($line) = @_; @@ -55,7 +60,7 @@ sub coincides_with { sub has_endpoint { my $self = shift; - my ($point) = @_;#printf " %s has endpoint %s: %s\n", $self->id, $point->id, ($point eq $self->a || $point eq $self->b); + my ($point) = @_; return $point->coincides_with($self->a) || $point->coincides_with($self->b); } diff --git a/lib/Slic3r/Perimeter.pm b/lib/Slic3r/Perimeter.pm index ce6a84099..6879864ad 100644 --- a/lib/Slic3r/Perimeter.pm +++ b/lib/Slic3r/Perimeter.pm @@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ sub make_perimeter { # create one more offset to be used as boundary for fill push @{ $layer->fill_surfaces }, - map Slic3r::Surface->new_from_mgp($_), $self->offset_polygon($perimeters[-1]); + map Slic3r::Surface->new_from_mgp($_, surface_type => $surface->surface_type), + $self->offset_polygon($perimeters[-1]); } # generate paths for holes diff --git a/lib/Slic3r/Point.pm b/lib/Slic3r/Point.pm index f0f8354c6..2f93a7471 100644 --- a/lib/Slic3r/Point.pm +++ b/lib/Slic3r/Point.pm @@ -31,6 +31,11 @@ sub id { return $self->x . "," . $self->y; #;; } +sub coordinates { + my $self = shift; + return ($self->x, $self->y); #)) +} + sub coincides_with { my $self = shift; my ($point) = @_; diff --git a/lib/Slic3r/Print.pm b/lib/Slic3r/Print.pm index 599d71a99..c67e6ad42 100644 --- a/lib/Slic3r/Print.pm +++ b/lib/Slic3r/Print.pm @@ -55,6 +55,19 @@ sub extrude_perimeters { } } +sub extrude_fills { + my $self = shift; + + my $fill_extruder = Slic3r::Fill::Rectilinear->new; + + foreach my $layer (@{ $self->layers }) { + $fill_extruder->make_fill($self, $layer); + printf " generated %d paths: %s\n", + scalar @{ $layer->fills }, + join ' ', map $_->id, @{ $layer->fills }; + } +} + sub export_gcode { my $self = shift; my ($file) = @_; @@ -107,9 +120,32 @@ sub export_gcode { print $fh "\n"; }; + my $z; + my $Extrude = sub { + my ($path, $description) = @_; + + # reset extrusion distance counter + my $extrusion_distance = 0; + if (!$Slic3r::use_relative_e_distances) { + print $fh "G92 E0 ; reset extrusion distance\n"; + } + + # go to first point (without extruding) + $G1->($path->lines->[0]->a, $z, 0, "move to first $description point"); + + # extrude while going to next points + foreach my $line (@{ $path->lines }) { + $extrusion_distance = 0 if $Slic3r::use_relative_e_distances; + $extrusion_distance += $line->a->distance_to($line->b); + $G1->($line->b, $z, $extrusion_distance, $description); + } + + # TODO: retraction + }; + # write gcode commands layer by layer foreach my $layer (@{ $self->layers }) { - my $z = ($layer->z * $Slic3r::resolution); + $z = ($layer->z * $Slic3r::resolution); # go to layer # TODO: retraction @@ -117,24 +153,10 @@ sub export_gcode { $z, $travel_feed_rate; # extrude perimeters - foreach my $perimeter (@{ $layer->perimeters }) { - - # reset extrusion distance counter - my $extrusion_distance = 0; - if (!$Slic3r::use_relative_e_distances) { - print $fh "G92 E0 ; reset extrusion distance\n"; - } - - # go to first point (without extruding) - $G1->($perimeter->lines->[0]->a, $z, 0, 'move to first perimeter point'); - - # extrude while going to next points - foreach my $line (@{ $perimeter->lines }) { - $extrusion_distance = 0 if $Slic3r::use_relative_e_distances; - $extrusion_distance += $line->a->distance_to($line->b); - $G1->($line->b, $z, $extrusion_distance, 'perimeter'); - } - } + $Extrude->($_, 'perimeter') for @{ $layer->perimeters }; + + # extrude fills + $Extrude->($_, 'fill') for @{ $layer->fills }; } # write end commands to file diff --git a/lib/Slic3r/Surface.pm b/lib/Slic3r/Surface.pm index 5333a7eb6..60b81eb1d 100644 --- a/lib/Slic3r/Surface.pm +++ b/lib/Slic3r/Surface.pm @@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ has 'holes' => ( }, ); +# TODO: to allow for multiple solid skins to be filled near external +# surfaces, a new type should be defined: internal-solid has 'surface_type' => ( is => 'rw', isa => enum([qw(internal bottom top)]), @@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ sub BUILD { sub new_from_mgp { my $self = shift; - my ($polygon) = @_; + my ($polygon, %params) = @_; my ($contour_p, @holes_p) = @{ $polygon->polygons }; @@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ sub new_from_mgp { holes => [ map Slic3r::Polyline::Closed->new_from_points(@$_), @holes_p ], + %params, ); } @@ -78,4 +81,9 @@ sub mgp_polygon { return $p; } +sub lines { + my $self = shift; + return @{ $self->contour->lines }, map @{ $_->lines }, @{ $self->holes }; +} + 1; diff --git a/slic3r.pl b/slic3r.pl index 9f8ade592..a76d64c3a 100644 --- a/slic3r.pl +++ b/slic3r.pl @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ my $stl_parser = Slic3r::STL->new; my $print = $stl_parser->parse_file("testcube20mm.stl"); $print->extrude_perimeters; +$print->extrude_fills; $print->export_gcode("testcube20mm.gcode");