package Slic3r::Print::Object; use Moo; use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath ':roles'; use Slic3r::Geometry qw(scale unscale deg2rad); use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(diff_ex intersection_ex union_ex); use Slic3r::Surface ':types'; has 'input_file' => (is => 'rw', required => 0); has 'mesh' => (is => 'rw', required => 0); has 'x_length' => (is => 'rw', required => 1); has 'y_length' => (is => 'rw', required => 1); has 'layers' => ( traits => ['Array'], is => 'rw', #isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::Layer]', default => sub { [] }, ); sub layer_count { my $self = shift; return scalar @{ $self->layers }; } sub layer { my $self = shift; my ($layer_id) = @_; # extend our print by creating all necessary layers if ($self->layer_count < $layer_id + 1) { for (my $i = $self->layer_count; $i <= $layer_id; $i++) { push @{ $self->layers }, Slic3r::Layer->new(id => $i); } } return $self->layers->[$layer_id]; } sub slice { my $self = shift; my %params = @_; # process facets { my $apply_lines = sub { my $lines = shift; foreach my $layer_id (keys %$lines) { my $layer = $self->layer($layer_id); push @{$layer->lines}, @{$lines->{$layer_id}}; } }; Slic3r::parallelize( disable => ($#{$self->mesh->facets} < 500), # don't parallelize when too few facets items => [ 0..$#{$self->mesh->facets} ], thread_cb => sub { my $q = shift; my $result_lines = {}; while (defined (my $facet_id = $q->dequeue)) { my $lines = $self->mesh->slice_facet($self, $facet_id); foreach my $layer_id (keys %$lines) { $result_lines->{$layer_id} ||= []; push @{ $result_lines->{$layer_id} }, @{ $lines->{$layer_id} }; } } return $result_lines; }, collect_cb => sub { $apply_lines->($_[0]); }, no_threads_cb => sub { for (0..$#{$self->mesh->facets}) { my $lines = $self->mesh->slice_facet($self, $_); $apply_lines->($lines); } }, ); } die "Invalid input file\n" if !@{$self->layers}; # free memory $self->mesh(undef) unless $params{keep_meshes}; # remove last layer if empty # (we might have created it because of the $max_layer = ... + 1 code below) pop @{$self->layers} if !@{$self->layers->[-1]->lines}; foreach my $layer (@{ $self->layers }) { Slic3r::debugf "Making surfaces for layer %d (slice z = %f):\n", $layer->id, unscale $layer->slice_z if $Slic3r::debug; # layer currently has many lines representing intersections of # model facets with the layer plane. there may also be lines # that we need to ignore (for example, when two non-horizontal # facets share a common edge on our plane, we get a single line; # however that line has no meaning for our layer as it's enclosed # inside a closed polyline) # build surfaces from sparse lines $layer->make_surfaces(Slic3r::TriangleMesh::make_loops($layer)); # free memory $layer->lines(undef); } # detect slicing errors my $warning_thrown = 0; for my $i (0 .. $#{$self->layers}) { my $layer = $self->layers->[$i]; next unless $layer->slicing_errors; if (!$warning_thrown) { warn "The model has overlapping or self-intersecting facets. I tried to repair it, " . "however you might want to check the results or repair the input file and retry.\n"; $warning_thrown = 1; } # try to repair the layer surfaces by merging all contours and all holes from # neighbor layers Slic3r::debugf "Attempting to repair layer %d\n", $i; my (@upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces); for (my $j = $i+1; $j <= $#{$self->layers}; $j++) { if (!$self->layers->[$j]->slicing_errors) { @upper_surfaces = @{$self->layers->[$j]->slices}; last; } } for (my $j = $i-1; $j >= 0; $j--) { if (!$self->layers->[$j]->slicing_errors) { @lower_surfaces = @{$self->layers->[$j]->slices}; last; } } my $union = union_ex([ map $_->expolygon->contour, @upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces, ]); my $diff = diff_ex( [ map @$_, @$union ], [ map $_->expolygon->holes, @upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces, ], ); @{$layer->slices} = map Slic3r::Surface->new (expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL), @$diff; } # remove empty layers from bottom while (@{$self->layers} && !@{$self->layers->[0]->slices} && !@{$self->layers->[0]->thin_walls}) { shift @{$self->layers}; for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#{$self->layers}; $i++) { $self->layers->[$i]->id($i); } } warn "No layers were detected. You might want to repair your STL file and retry.\n" if !@{$self->layers}; } sub cleanup { my $self = shift; @{$self->layers} = (); } sub make_perimeters { my $self = shift; # compare each layer to the one below, and mark those slices needing # one additional inner perimeter, like the top of domed objects- # this algorithm makes sure that almost one perimeter is overlapping if ($Slic3r::Config->extra_perimeters && $Slic3r::Config->perimeters > 0) { for my $layer_id (0 .. $self->layer_count-2) { my $layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id]; my $upper_layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id+1]; my $overlap = $layer->perimeter_flow->spacing; # one perimeter # compute polygons representing the thickness of the first external perimeter of # the upper layer slices my $upper = diff_ex( [ map @$_, map $_->expolygon->offset_ex(+ 0.5 * scale $layer->perimeter_flow->spacing), @{$upper_layer->slices} ], [ map @$_, map $_->expolygon->offset_ex(- scale($overlap) + (0.5 * scale $layer->perimeter_flow->spacing)), @{$upper_layer->slices} ], ); next if !@$upper; # we need to limit our detection to the areas which would actually benefit from # more perimeters. so, let's compute the area we want to ignore my $ignore = []; { my $diff = diff_ex( [ map @$_, map $_->expolygon->offset_ex(- ($Slic3r::Config->perimeters-0.5) * scale $layer->perimeter_flow->spacing), @{$layer->slices} ], [ map @{$_->expolygon}, @{$upper_layer->slices} ], ); $ignore = [ map @$_, map $_->offset_ex(scale $layer->perimeter_flow->spacing), @$diff ]; } foreach my $slice (@{$layer->slices}) { my $hypothetical_perimeter_num = $Slic3r::Config->perimeters + 1; CYCLE: while (1) { # compute polygons representing the thickness of the hypotetical new internal perimeter # of our slice my $hypothetical_perimeter; { my $outer = [ map @$_, $slice->expolygon->offset_ex(- ($hypothetical_perimeter_num-1.5) * scale $layer->perimeter_flow->spacing) ]; last CYCLE if !@$outer; my $inner = [ map @$_, $slice->expolygon->offset_ex(- ($hypothetical_perimeter_num-0.5) * scale $layer->perimeter_flow->spacing) ]; last CYCLE if !@$inner; $hypothetical_perimeter = diff_ex($outer, $inner); } last CYCLE if !@$hypothetical_perimeter; my $intersection = intersection_ex([ map @$_, @$upper ], [ map @$_, @$hypothetical_perimeter ]); $intersection = diff_ex([ map @$_, @$intersection ], $ignore) if @$ignore; last CYCLE if !@{ $intersection }; Slic3r::debugf " adding one more perimeter at layer %d\n", $layer_id; $slice->additional_inner_perimeters(($slice->additional_inner_perimeters || 0) + 1); $hypothetical_perimeter_num++; } } } } $_->make_perimeters for @{$self->layers}; } sub detect_surfaces_type { my $self = shift; Slic3r::debugf "Detecting solid surfaces...\n"; # prepare a reusable subroutine to make surface differences my $surface_difference = sub { my ($subject_surfaces, $clip_surfaces, $result_type, $layer) = @_; my $expolygons = diff_ex( [ map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : ref $_ eq 'Slic3r::ExPolygon' ? @$_ : $_->p } @$subject_surfaces ], [ map { ref $_ eq 'ARRAY' ? $_ : ref $_ eq 'Slic3r::ExPolygon' ? @$_ : $_->p } @$clip_surfaces ], 1, ); return grep $_->contour->is_printable($layer->flow->width), map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => $result_type), @$expolygons; }; for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) { my $layer = $self->layers->[$i]; my $upper_layer = $self->layers->[$i+1]; my $lower_layer = $i > 0 ? $self->layers->[$i-1] : undef; my (@bottom, @top, @internal) = (); # find top surfaces (difference between current surfaces # of current layer and upper one) if ($upper_layer) { @top = $surface_difference->($layer->slices, $upper_layer->slices, S_TYPE_TOP, $layer); } else { # if no upper layer, all surfaces of this one are solid @top = @{$layer->slices}; $_->surface_type(S_TYPE_TOP) for @top; } # find bottom surfaces (difference between current surfaces # of current layer and lower one) if ($lower_layer) { @bottom = $surface_difference->($layer->slices, $lower_layer->slices, S_TYPE_BOTTOM, $layer); } else { # if no lower layer, all surfaces of this one are solid @bottom = @{$layer->slices}; $_->surface_type(S_TYPE_BOTTOM) for @bottom; } # now, if the object contained a thin membrane, we could have overlapping bottom # and top surfaces; let's do an intersection to discover them and consider them # as bottom surfaces (to allow for bridge detection) if (@top && @bottom) { my $overlapping = intersection_ex([ map $_->p, @top ], [ map $_->p, @bottom ]); Slic3r::debugf " layer %d contains %d membrane(s)\n", $layer->id, scalar(@$overlapping); @top = $surface_difference->([@top], $overlapping, S_TYPE_TOP, $layer); } # find internal surfaces (difference between top/bottom surfaces and others) @internal = $surface_difference->($layer->slices, [@top, @bottom], S_TYPE_INTERNAL, $layer); # save surfaces to layer @{$layer->slices} = (@bottom, @top, @internal); Slic3r::debugf " layer %d has %d bottom, %d top and %d internal surfaces\n", $layer->id, scalar(@bottom), scalar(@top), scalar(@internal); } # clip surfaces to the fill boundaries foreach my $layer (@{$self->layers}) { my $fill_boundaries = [ map @$_, @{$layer->surfaces} ]; @{$layer->surfaces} = (); foreach my $surface (@{$layer->slices}) { my $intersection = intersection_ex( [ $surface->p ], $fill_boundaries, ); push @{$layer->surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new (expolygon => $_, surface_type => $surface->surface_type), @$intersection; } } } sub discover_horizontal_shells { my $self = shift; Slic3r::debugf "==> DISCOVERING HORIZONTAL SHELLS\n"; my $area_threshold = scale($Slic3r::flow->spacing) ** 2; for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) { my $layer = $self->layers->[$i]; foreach my $type (S_TYPE_TOP, S_TYPE_BOTTOM) { # find surfaces of current type for current layer # and offset them to take perimeters into account my @surfaces = map $_->offset($Slic3r::Config->perimeters * scale $layer->perimeter_flow->width), grep $_->surface_type == $type, @{$layer->fill_surfaces} or next; my $surfaces_p = [ map $_->p, @surfaces ]; Slic3r::debugf "Layer %d has %d surfaces of type '%s'\n", $i, scalar(@surfaces), ($type == S_TYPE_TOP ? 'top' : 'bottom'); for (my $n = $type == S_TYPE_TOP ? $i-1 : $i+1; abs($n - $i) <= $Slic3r::Config->solid_layers-1; $type == S_TYPE_TOP ? $n-- : $n++) { next if $n < 0 || $n >= $self->layer_count; Slic3r::debugf " looking for neighbors on layer %d...\n", $n; my @neighbor_surfaces = @{$self->layers->[$n]->surfaces}; my @neighbor_fill_surfaces = @{$self->layers->[$n]->fill_surfaces}; # find intersection between neighbor and current layer's surfaces # intersections have contours and holes my $new_internal_solid = intersection_ex( $surfaces_p, [ map $_->p, grep { $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL || $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID } @neighbor_surfaces ], undef, 1, ); next if !@$new_internal_solid; # internal-solid are the union of the existing internal-solid surfaces # and new ones my $internal_solid = union_ex([ ( map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID, @neighbor_fill_surfaces ), ( map @$_, @$new_internal_solid ), ]); # subtract intersections from layer surfaces to get resulting inner surfaces my $internal = diff_ex( [ map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @neighbor_fill_surfaces ], [ map @$_, @$internal_solid ], 1, ); Slic3r::debugf " %d internal-solid and %d internal surfaces found\n", scalar(@$internal_solid), scalar(@$internal); # Note: due to floating point math we're going to get some very small # polygons as $internal; they will be removed by removed_small_features() # assign resulting inner surfaces to layer my $neighbor_fill_surfaces = $self->layers->[$n]->fill_surfaces; @$neighbor_fill_surfaces = (); push @$neighbor_fill_surfaces, Slic3r::Surface->new (expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL) for @$internal; # assign new internal-solid surfaces to layer push @$neighbor_fill_surfaces, Slic3r::Surface->new (expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID) for @$internal_solid; # assign top and bottom surfaces to layer foreach my $s (Slic3r::Surface->group(grep { $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP || $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM } @neighbor_fill_surfaces)) { my $solid_surfaces = diff_ex( [ map $_->p, @$s ], [ map @$_, @$internal_solid, @$internal ], 1, ); push @$neighbor_fill_surfaces, Slic3r::Surface->new (expolygon => $_, surface_type => $s->[0]->surface_type, bridge_angle => $s->[0]->bridge_angle) for @$solid_surfaces; } } } @{$layer->fill_surfaces} = grep $_->expolygon->area > $area_threshold, @{$layer->fill_surfaces}; } } # combine fill surfaces across layers sub combine_infill { my $self = shift; return unless $Slic3r::Config->infill_every_layers > 1 && $Slic3r::Config->fill_density > 0; my $area_threshold = scale($Slic3r::flow->spacing) ** 2; # start from bottom, skip first layer for (my $i = 1; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) { my $layer = $self->layer($i); # skip layer if no internal fill surfaces next if !grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @{$layer->fill_surfaces}; # for each possible depth, look for intersections with the lower layer # we do this from the greater depth to the smaller for (my $d = $Slic3r::Config->infill_every_layers - 1; $d >= 1; $d--) { next if ($i - $d) < 0; my $lower_layer = $self->layer($i - 1); # select surfaces of the lower layer having the depth we're looking for my @lower_surfaces = grep $_->depth_layers == $d && $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @{$lower_layer->fill_surfaces}; next if !@lower_surfaces; # calculate intersection between our surfaces and theirs my $intersection = intersection_ex( [ map $_->p, grep $_->depth_layers <= $d, @lower_surfaces ], [ map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @{$layer->fill_surfaces} ], undef, 1, ); # purge intersections, skip tiny regions @$intersection = grep $_->area > $area_threshold, @$intersection; next if !@$intersection; # new fill surfaces of the current layer are: # - any non-internal surface # - intersections found (with a $d + 1 depth) # - any internal surface not belonging to the intersection (with its original depth) { my @new_surfaces = (); push @new_surfaces, grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @{$layer->fill_surfaces}; push @new_surfaces, map Slic3r::Surface->new (expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL, depth_layers => $d + 1), @$intersection; foreach my $depth (reverse $d..$Slic3r::Config->infill_every_layers) { push @new_surfaces, map Slic3r::Surface->new (expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL, depth_layers => $depth), # difference between our internal layers with depth == $depth # and the intersection found @{diff_ex( [ map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL && $_->depth_layers == $depth, @{$layer->fill_surfaces}, ], [ map @$_, @$intersection ], 1, )}; } @{$layer->fill_surfaces} = @new_surfaces; } # now we remove the intersections from lower layer { my @new_surfaces = (); push @new_surfaces, grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @{$lower_layer->fill_surfaces}; foreach my $depth (1..$Slic3r::Config->infill_every_layers) { push @new_surfaces, map Slic3r::Surface->new (expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL, depth_layers => $depth), # difference between internal layers with depth == $depth # and the intersection found @{diff_ex( [ map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL && $_->depth_layers == $depth, @{$lower_layer->fill_surfaces}, ], [ map @$_, @$intersection ], 1, )}; } @{$lower_layer->fill_surfaces} = @new_surfaces; } } } } sub generate_support_material { my $self = shift; my %params = @_; my $threshold_rad = deg2rad($Slic3r::Config->support_material_threshold + 1); # +1 makes the threshold inclusive my $overhang_width = $threshold_rad == 0 ? undef : scale $Slic3r::Config->layer_height * ((cos $threshold_rad) / (sin $threshold_rad)); my $distance_from_object = 1.5 * scale $Slic3r::support_material_flow->width; # determine support regions in each layer (for upper layers) Slic3r::debugf "Detecting regions\n"; my %layers = (); { my @current_support_regions = (); # expolygons we've started to support (i.e. below the empty interface layers) my @queue = (); # the number of items of this array determines the number of empty interface layers for my $i (reverse 0 .. $#{$self->layers}) { my $layer = $self->layers->[$i]; my $lower_layer = $i > 0 ? $self->layers->[$i-1] : undef; # step 1: generate support material in current layer (for upper layers) push @current_support_regions, @{ shift @queue } if @queue && $i < $#{$self->layers}; @current_support_regions = @{diff_ex( [ map @$_, @current_support_regions ], [ map @{$_->expolygon}, @{$layer->slices} ], )}; $layers{$i} = diff_ex( [ map @$_, @current_support_regions ], [ map @$_, map $_->expolygon->offset_ex($distance_from_object), @{$layer->slices} ], ); $_->simplify(scale $Slic3r::support_material_flow->spacing * 2) for @{$layers{$i}}; # step 2: get layer overhangs and put them into queue for adding support inside lower layers # we need an angle threshold for this my @overhangs = (); if ($lower_layer) { @overhangs = map $_->offset_ex(2 * $overhang_width), @{diff_ex( [ map @$_, map $_->expolygon->offset_ex(-$overhang_width), @{$layer->slices} ], [ map @{$_->expolygon}, @{$lower_layer->slices} ], 1, )}; } push @queue, [@overhangs]; } } return if !map @$_, values %layers; # generate paths for the pattern that we're going to use Slic3r::debugf "Generating patterns\n"; my $support_patterns = []; # in case we want cross-hatching { # 0.5 makes sure the paths don't get clipped externally when applying them to layers my @support_material_areas = map $_->offset_ex(- 0.5 * scale $Slic3r::support_material_flow->width), @{union_ex([ map $_->contour, map @$_, values %layers ])}; my $fill = Slic3r::Fill->new(print => $params{print}); my $filler = $fill->filler($Slic3r::Config->support_material_pattern); $filler->angle($Slic3r::Config->support_material_angle); { my @patterns = (); foreach my $expolygon (@support_material_areas) { my @paths = $filler->fill_surface( Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $expolygon), density => $Slic3r::support_material_flow->spacing / $Slic3r::Config->support_material_spacing, flow_spacing => $Slic3r::support_material_flow->spacing, ); my $params = shift @paths; push @patterns, map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new( polyline => Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_), role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL, depth_layers => 1, flow_spacing => $params->{flow_spacing}, ), @paths; } push @$support_patterns, [@patterns]; } if (0) { require "Slic3r/SVG.pm"; Slic3r::SVG::output(undef, "support_$_.svg", polylines => [ map $_->polyline, map @$_, $support_patterns->[$_] ], polygons => [ map @$_, @support_material_areas ], ) for 0 .. $#$support_patterns; } } # apply the pattern to layers Slic3r::debugf "Applying patterns\n"; { my $clip_pattern = sub { my ($layer_id, $expolygons) = @_; my @paths = (); foreach my $expolygon (@$expolygons) { push @paths, map $_->pack, map $_->clip_with_expolygon($expolygon), map $_->clip_with_polygon($expolygon->bounding_box_polygon), @{$support_patterns->[ $layer_id % @$support_patterns ]}; }; return @paths; }; my %layer_paths = (); Slic3r::parallelize( items => [ keys %layers ], thread_cb => sub { my $q = shift; my $paths = {}; while (defined (my $layer_id = $q->dequeue)) { $paths->{$layer_id} = [ $clip_pattern->($layer_id, $layers{$layer_id}) ]; } return $paths; }, collect_cb => sub { my $paths = shift; $layer_paths{$_} = $paths->{$_} for keys %$paths; }, no_threads_cb => sub { $layer_paths{$_} = [ $clip_pattern->($_, $layers{$_}) ] for keys %layers; }, ); foreach my $layer_id (keys %layer_paths) { my $layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id]; $layer->support_fills(Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new); push @{$layer->support_fills->paths}, @{$layer_paths{$layer_id}}; } } } 1;