package Slic3r::Print::Object;
# extends c++ class Slic3r::PrintObject (Print.xsp)
use strict;
use warnings;
use List::Util qw(min max sum first);
use Slic3r::Flow ':roles';
use Slic3r::Geometry qw(X Y Z PI scale unscale chained_path epsilon);
use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(diff diff_ex intersection intersection_ex union union_ex
offset offset_ex offset2 offset2_ex intersection_ppl CLIPPER_OFFSET_SCALE JT_MITER);
use Slic3r::Print::State ':steps';
use Slic3r::Surface ':types';
# If enabled, phases of prepare_infill will be written into SVG files to an "out" directory.
our $SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING = 0;
sub region_volumes {
my $self = shift;
return [ map $self->get_region_volumes($_), 0..($self->region_count - 1) ];
}
sub layers {
my $self = shift;
return [ map $self->get_layer($_), 0..($self->layer_count - 1) ];
}
sub support_layers {
my $self = shift;
return [ map $self->get_support_layer($_), 0..($self->support_layer_count - 1) ];
}
# 1) Decides Z positions of the layers,
# 2) Initializes layers and their regions
# 3) Slices the object meshes
# 4) Slices the modifier meshes and reclassifies the slices of the object meshes by the slices of the modifier meshes
# 5) Applies size compensation (offsets the slices in XY plane)
# 6) Replaces bad slices by the slices reconstructed from the upper/lower layer
# Resulting expolygons of layer regions are marked as Internal.
#
# this should be idempotent
sub slice {
my $self = shift;
return if $self->step_done(STEP_SLICE);
$self->set_step_started(STEP_SLICE);
$self->print->status_cb->(10, "Processing triangulated mesh");
# init layers
{
$self->clear_layers;
# make layers taking custom heights into account
my $id = 0;
my $print_z = 0;
my $first_object_layer_height = -1;
my $first_object_layer_distance = -1;
# add raft layers
if ($self->config->raft_layers > 0) {
# Reserve object layers for the raft. Last layer of the raft is the contact layer.
$id += $self->config->raft_layers;
# Raise first object layer Z by the thickness of the raft itself
# plus the extra distance required by the support material logic.
#FIXME The last raft layer is the contact layer, which shall be printed with a bridging flow for ease of separation. Currently it is not the case.
my $first_layer_height = $self->config->get_value('first_layer_height');
$print_z += $first_layer_height;
# Use as large as possible layer height for the intermediate raft layers.
my $support_material_layer_height;
{
my @nozzle_diameters = (
map $self->print->config->get_at('nozzle_diameter', $_),
$self->config->support_material_extruder-1,
$self->config->support_material_interface_extruder-1,
);
$support_material_layer_height = 0.75 * min(@nozzle_diameters);
}
$print_z += $support_material_layer_height * ($self->config->raft_layers - 1);
# compute the average of all nozzles used for printing the object
#FIXME It is expected, that the 1st layer of the object is printed with a bridging flow over a full raft. Shall it not be vice versa?
my $nozzle_diameter;
{
my @nozzle_diameters = (
map $self->print->config->get_at('nozzle_diameter', $_), @{$self->print->object_extruders}
);
$nozzle_diameter = sum(@nozzle_diameters)/@nozzle_diameters;
}
$first_object_layer_distance = $self->_support_material->contact_distance($self->config->layer_height, $nozzle_diameter);
# force first layer print_z according to the contact distance
# (the loop below will raise print_z by such height)
$first_object_layer_height = $first_object_layer_distance - $self->config->support_material_contact_distance;
}
# loop until we have at least one layer and the max slice_z reaches the object height
my $slice_z = 0;
my $height = 0;
my $max_z = unscale($self->size->z);
while (($slice_z - $height) <= $max_z) {
# assign the default height to the layer according to the general settings
$height = ($id == 0)
? $self->config->get_value('first_layer_height')
: $self->config->layer_height;
# look for an applicable custom range
if (my $range = first { $_->[0] <= $slice_z && $_->[1] > $slice_z } @{$self->layer_height_ranges}) {
$height = $range->[2];
# if user set custom height to zero we should just skip the range and resume slicing over it
if ($height == 0) {
$slice_z += $range->[1] - $range->[0];
next;
}
}
if ($first_object_layer_height != -1 && !@{$self->layers}) {
$height = $first_object_layer_height;
$print_z += ($first_object_layer_distance - $height);
}
$print_z += $height;
$slice_z += $height/2;
### Slic3r::debugf "Layer %d: height = %s; slice_z = %s; print_z = %s\n", $id, $height, $slice_z, $print_z;
$self->add_layer($id, $height, $print_z, $slice_z);
if ($self->layer_count >= 2) {
my $lc = $self->layer_count;
$self->get_layer($lc - 2)->set_upper_layer($self->get_layer($lc - 1));
$self->get_layer($lc - 1)->set_lower_layer($self->get_layer($lc - 2));
}
$id++;
$slice_z += $height/2; # add the other half layer
}
}
# make sure all layers contain layer region objects for all regions
my $regions_count = $self->print->region_count;
foreach my $layer (@{ $self->layers }) {
$layer->region($_) for 0 .. ($regions_count-1);
}
# get array of Z coordinates for slicing
my @z = map $_->slice_z, @{$self->layers};
# slice all non-modifier volumes
for my $region_id (0..($self->region_count - 1)) {
my $expolygons_by_layer = $self->_slice_region($region_id, \@z, 0);
for my $layer_id (0..$#$expolygons_by_layer) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($layer_id)->regions->[$region_id];
$layerm->slices->clear;
foreach my $expolygon (@{ $expolygons_by_layer->[$layer_id] }) {
$layerm->slices->append(Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $expolygon,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
));
}
}
}
# then slice all modifier volumes
if ($self->region_count > 1) {
for my $region_id (0..$self->region_count) {
my $expolygons_by_layer = $self->_slice_region($region_id, \@z, 1);
# loop through the other regions and 'steal' the slices belonging to this one
for my $other_region_id (0..$self->region_count) {
next if $other_region_id == $region_id;
for my $layer_id (0..$#$expolygons_by_layer) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($layer_id)->regions->[$region_id];
my $other_layerm = $self->get_layer($layer_id)->regions->[$other_region_id];
next if !defined $other_layerm;
my $other_slices = [ map $_->p, @{$other_layerm->slices} ]; # Polygons
my $my_parts = intersection_ex(
$other_slices,
[ map @$_, @{ $expolygons_by_layer->[$layer_id] } ],
);
next if !@$my_parts;
# append new parts to our region
foreach my $expolygon (@$my_parts) {
$layerm->slices->append(Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $expolygon,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
));
}
# remove such parts from original region
$other_layerm->slices->clear;
$other_layerm->slices->append(Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
)) for @{ diff_ex($other_slices, [ map @$_, @$my_parts ]) };
}
}
}
}
# remove last layer(s) if empty
$self->delete_layer($self->layer_count - 1)
while $self->layer_count && (!map @{$_->slices}, @{$self->get_layer($self->layer_count - 1)->regions});
foreach my $layer (@{ $self->layers }) {
# apply size compensation
if ($self->config->xy_size_compensation != 0) {
my $delta = scale($self->config->xy_size_compensation);
if (@{$layer->regions} == 1) {
# single region
my $layerm = $layer->regions->[0];
my $slices = [ map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices} ];
$layerm->slices->clear;
$layerm->slices->append(Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
)) for @{offset_ex($slices, $delta)};
} else {
if ($delta < 0) {
# multiple regions, shrinking
# we apply the offset to the combined shape, then intersect it
# with the original slices for each region
my $slices = union([ map $_->p, map @{$_->slices}, @{$layer->regions} ]);
$slices = offset($slices, $delta);
foreach my $layerm (@{$layer->regions}) {
my $this_slices = intersection_ex(
$slices,
[ map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices} ],
);
$layerm->slices->clear;
$layerm->slices->append(Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
)) for @$this_slices;
}
} else {
# multiple regions, growing
# this is an ambiguous case, since it's not clear how to grow regions where they are going to overlap
# so we give priority to the first one and so on
for my $i (0..$#{$layer->regions}) {
my $layerm = $layer->regions->[$i];
my $slices = offset_ex([ map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices} ], $delta);
if ($i > 0) {
$slices = diff_ex(
[ map @$_, @$slices ],
[ map $_->p, map @{$_->slices}, map $layer->regions->[$_], 0..($i-1) ], # slices of already processed regions
);
}
$layerm->slices->clear;
$layerm->slices->append(Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
)) for @$slices;
}
}
}
}
# merge all regions' slices to get islands
$layer->make_slices;
}
# detect slicing errors
my $warning_thrown = 0;
for my $i (0 .. ($self->layer_count - 1)) {
my $layer = $self->get_layer($i);
next unless $layer->slicing_errors;
if (!$warning_thrown) {
warn "The model has overlapping or self-intersecting facets. I tried to repair it, "
. "however you might want to check the results or repair the input file and retry.\n";
$warning_thrown = 1;
}
# try to repair the layer surfaces by merging all contours and all holes from
# neighbor layers
Slic3r::debugf "Attempting to repair layer %d\n", $i;
foreach my $region_id (0 .. ($layer->region_count - 1)) {
my $layerm = $layer->region($region_id);
my (@upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces);
for (my $j = $i+1; $j < $self->layer_count; $j++) {
if (!$self->get_layer($j)->slicing_errors) {
@upper_surfaces = @{$self->get_layer($j)->region($region_id)->slices};
last;
}
}
for (my $j = $i-1; $j >= 0; $j--) {
if (!$self->get_layer($j)->slicing_errors) {
@lower_surfaces = @{$self->get_layer($j)->region($region_id)->slices};
last;
}
}
my $union = union_ex([
map $_->expolygon->contour, @upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces,
]);
my $diff = diff_ex(
[ map @$_, @$union ],
[ map @{$_->expolygon->holes}, @upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces, ],
);
$layerm->slices->clear;
$layerm->slices->append($_)
for map Slic3r::Surface->new
(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
@$diff;
}
# update layer slices after repairing the single regions
$layer->make_slices;
}
# remove empty layers from bottom
while (@{$self->layers} && !@{$self->get_layer(0)->slices}) {
$self->delete_layer(0);
for (my $i = 0; $i <= $#{$self->layers}; $i++) {
$self->get_layer($i)->set_id( $self->get_layer($i)->id-1 );
}
}
# simplify slices if required
if ($self->print->config->resolution) {
$self->_simplify_slices(scale($self->print->config->resolution));
}
die "No layers were detected. You might want to repair your STL file(s) or check their size or thickness and retry.\n"
if !@{$self->layers};
$self->set_typed_slices(0);
$self->set_step_done(STEP_SLICE);
}
# called from slice()
sub _slice_region {
my ($self, $region_id, $z, $modifier) = @_;
return [] if !@{$self->get_region_volumes($region_id)};
# compose mesh
my $mesh;
foreach my $volume_id (@{ $self->get_region_volumes($region_id) }) {
my $volume = $self->model_object->volumes->[$volume_id];
next if $volume->modifier && !$modifier;
next if !$volume->modifier && $modifier;
if (defined $mesh) {
$mesh->merge($volume->mesh);
} else {
$mesh = $volume->mesh->clone;
}
}
return if !defined $mesh;
# transform mesh
# we ignore the per-instance transformations currently and only
# consider the first one
$self->model_object->instances->[0]->transform_mesh($mesh, 1);
# align mesh to Z = 0 (it should be already aligned actually) and apply XY shift
$mesh->translate((map unscale(-$_), @{$self->_copies_shift}), -$self->model_object->bounding_box->z_min);
# perform actual slicing
return $mesh->slice($z);
}
sub make_perimeters {
my $self = shift;
# prerequisites
$self->slice;
return if $self->step_done(STEP_PERIMETERS);
$self->set_step_started(STEP_PERIMETERS);
$self->print->status_cb->(20, "Generating perimeters");
# merge slices if they were split into types
if ($self->typed_slices) {
$_->merge_slices for @{$self->layers};
$self->set_typed_slices(0);
$self->invalidate_step(STEP_PREPARE_INFILL);
}
# compare each layer to the one below, and mark those slices needing
# one additional inner perimeter, like the top of domed objects-
# this algorithm makes sure that at least one perimeter is overlapping
# but we don't generate any extra perimeter if fill density is zero, as they would be floating
# inside the object - infill_only_where_needed should be the method of choice for printing
# hollow objects
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->region_count-1)) {
my $region = $self->print->regions->[$region_id];
my $region_perimeters = $region->config->perimeters;
next if !$region->config->extra_perimeters;
next if $region_perimeters == 0;
next if $region->config->fill_density == 0;
for my $i (0 .. ($self->layer_count - 2)) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($i)->get_region($region_id);
my $upper_layerm = $self->get_layer($i+1)->get_region($region_id);
my $upper_layerm_polygons = [ map $_->p, @{$upper_layerm->slices} ];
# Filter upper layer polygons in intersection_ppl by their bounding boxes?
# my $upper_layerm_poly_bboxes= [ map $_->bounding_box, @{$upper_layerm_polygons} ];
my $total_loop_length = sum(map $_->length, @$upper_layerm_polygons) // 0;
my $perimeter_spacing = $layerm->flow(FLOW_ROLE_PERIMETER)->scaled_spacing;
my $ext_perimeter_flow = $layerm->flow(FLOW_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER);
my $ext_perimeter_width = $ext_perimeter_flow->scaled_width;
my $ext_perimeter_spacing = $ext_perimeter_flow->scaled_spacing;
foreach my $slice (@{$layerm->slices}) {
while (1) {
# compute the total thickness of perimeters
my $perimeters_thickness = $ext_perimeter_width/2 + $ext_perimeter_spacing/2
+ ($region_perimeters-1 + $slice->extra_perimeters) * $perimeter_spacing;
# define a critical area where we don't want the upper slice to fall into
# (it should either lay over our perimeters or outside this area)
my $critical_area_depth = $perimeter_spacing*1.5;
my $critical_area = diff(
offset($slice->expolygon->arrayref, -$perimeters_thickness),
offset($slice->expolygon->arrayref, -($perimeters_thickness + $critical_area_depth)),
);
# check whether a portion of the upper slices falls inside the critical area
my $intersection = intersection_ppl(
$upper_layerm_polygons,
$critical_area,
);
# only add an additional loop if at least 30% of the slice loop would benefit from it
my $total_intersection_length = sum(map $_->length, @$intersection) // 0;
last unless $total_intersection_length > $total_loop_length*0.3;
if (0) {
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
Slic3r::SVG::output(
"extra.svg",
no_arrows => 1,
expolygons => union_ex($critical_area),
polylines => [ map $_->split_at_first_point, map $_->p, @{$upper_layerm->slices} ],
);
}
$slice->extra_perimeters($slice->extra_perimeters + 1);
}
Slic3r::debugf " adding %d more perimeter(s) at layer %d\n",
$slice->extra_perimeters, $layerm->layer->id
if $slice->extra_perimeters > 0;
}
}
}
Slic3r::parallelize(
threads => $self->print->config->threads,
items => sub { 0 .. ($self->layer_count - 1) },
thread_cb => sub {
my $q = shift;
while (defined (my $i = $q->dequeue)) {
$self->get_layer($i)->make_perimeters;
}
},
no_threads_cb => sub {
$_->make_perimeters for @{$self->layers};
},
);
# simplify slices (both layer and region slices),
# we only need the max resolution for perimeters
### This makes this method not-idempotent, so we keep it disabled for now.
###$self->_simplify_slices(&Slic3r::SCALED_RESOLUTION);
$self->set_step_done(STEP_PERIMETERS);
}
sub prepare_infill {
my ($self) = @_;
# prerequisites
$self->make_perimeters;
return if $self->step_done(STEP_PREPARE_INFILL);
$self->set_step_started(STEP_PREPARE_INFILL);
$self->print->status_cb->(30, "Preparing infill");
# this will assign a type (top/bottom/internal) to $layerm->slices
# and transform $layerm->fill_surfaces from expolygon
# to typed top/bottom/internal surfaces;
$self->detect_surfaces_type;
# Mark the object to have the slices classified (typed, which also means they are split based on whether they are supported, bridging, top layers etc.)
$self->set_typed_slices(1);
# Decide what surfaces are to be filled.
# Here the S_TYPE_TOP / S_TYPE_BOTTOMBRIDGE / S_TYPE_BOTTOM infill is turned to just S_TYPE_INTERNAL if zero top / bottom infill layers are configured.
# Also tiny S_TYPE_INTERNAL surfaces are turned to S_TYPE_INTERNAL_SOLID.
$_->prepare_fill_surfaces for map @{$_->regions}, @{$self->layers};
# this will detect bridges and reverse bridges
# and rearrange top/bottom/internal surfaces
# It produces enlarged overlapping bridging areas.
#
# 1) S_TYPE_BOTTOMBRIDGE / S_TYPE_BOTTOM infill is grown by 3mm and clipped by the total infill area. Bridges are detected. The areas may overlap.
# 2) S_TYPE_TOP is grown by 3mm and clipped by the grown bottom areas. The areas may overlap.
# 3) Clip the internal surfaces by the grown top/bottom surfaces.
# 4) Merge surfaces with the same style. This will mostly get rid of the overlaps.
#FIXME This does not likely merge surfaces, which are supported by a material with different colors, but same properties.
$self->process_external_surfaces;
# Add solid fills to ensure the shell vertical thickness.
$self->discover_vertical_shells;
# Debugging output.
if ($SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING) {
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->region_count-1)) {
for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($i)->regions->[$region_id];
$layerm->export_region_slices_to_svg_debug("6_discover_vertical_shells-final");
$layerm->export_region_fill_surfaces_to_svg_debug("6_discover_vertical_shells-final");
} # for each layer
} # for each region
}
# Detect, which fill surfaces are near external layers.
# They will be split in internal and internal-solid surfaces.
# The purpose is to add a configurable number of solid layers to support the TOP surfaces
# and to add a configurable number of solid layers above the BOTTOM / BOTTOMBRIDGE surfaces
# to close these surfaces reliably.
#FIXME Vojtech: Is this a good place to add supporting infills below sloping perimeters?
$self->discover_horizontal_shells;
if ($SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING) {
# Debugging output.
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->region_count-1)) {
for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($i)->regions->[$region_id];
$layerm->export_region_slices_to_svg_debug("7_discover_horizontal_shells-final");
$layerm->export_region_fill_surfaces_to_svg_debug("7_discover_horizontal_shells-final");
} # for each layer
} # for each region
}
# Only active if config->infill_only_where_needed. This step trims the sparse infill,
# so it acts as an internal support. It maintains all other infill types intact.
# Here the internal surfaces and perimeters have to be supported by the sparse infill.
#FIXME The surfaces are supported by a sparse infill, but the sparse infill is only as large as the area to support.
# Likely the sparse infill will not be anchored correctly, so it will not work as intended.
# Also one wishes the perimeters to be supported by a full infill.
$self->clip_fill_surfaces;
if ($SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING) {
# Debugging output.
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->region_count-1)) {
for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($i)->regions->[$region_id];
$layerm->export_region_slices_to_svg_debug("8_clip_surfaces-final");
$layerm->export_region_fill_surfaces_to_svg_debug("8_clip_surfaces-final");
} # for each layer
} # for each region
}
# the following step needs to be done before combination because it may need
# to remove only half of the combined infill
$self->bridge_over_infill;
# combine fill surfaces to honor the "infill every N layers" option
$self->combine_infill;
# Debugging output.
if ($SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING) {
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->region_count-1)) {
for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($i)->regions->[$region_id];
$layerm->export_region_slices_to_svg_debug("9_prepare_infill-final");
$layerm->export_region_fill_surfaces_to_svg_debug("9_prepare_infill-final");
} # for each layer
} # for each region
for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) {
my $layer = $self->get_layer($i);
$layer->export_region_slices_to_svg_debug("9_prepare_infill-final");
$layer->export_region_fill_surfaces_to_svg_debug("9_prepare_infill-final");
} # for each layer
}
$self->set_step_done(STEP_PREPARE_INFILL);
}
sub infill {
my ($self) = @_;
# prerequisites
$self->prepare_infill;
return if $self->step_done(STEP_INFILL);
$self->set_step_started(STEP_INFILL);
$self->print->status_cb->(70, "Infilling layers");
Slic3r::parallelize(
threads => $self->print->config->threads,
items => sub { 0..$#{$self->layers} },
thread_cb => sub {
my $q = shift;
while (defined (my $i = $q->dequeue)) {
$self->get_layer($i)->make_fills;
}
},
no_threads_cb => sub {
foreach my $layer (@{$self->layers}) {
$layer->make_fills;
}
},
);
### we could free memory now, but this would make this step not idempotent
### $_->fill_surfaces->clear for map @{$_->regions}, @{$object->layers};
$self->set_step_done(STEP_INFILL);
}
sub generate_support_material {
my $self = shift;
# prerequisites
$self->slice;
return if $self->step_done(STEP_SUPPORTMATERIAL);
$self->set_step_started(STEP_SUPPORTMATERIAL);
$self->clear_support_layers;
if ((!$self->config->support_material && $self->config->raft_layers == 0) || scalar(@{$self->layers}) < 2) {
$self->set_step_done(STEP_SUPPORTMATERIAL);
return;
}
$self->print->status_cb->(85, "Generating support material");
$self->_support_material->generate($self);
$self->set_step_done(STEP_SUPPORTMATERIAL);
}
sub _support_material {
my ($self) = @_;
my $first_layer_flow = Slic3r::Flow->new_from_width(
width => ($self->print->config->first_layer_extrusion_width || $self->config->support_material_extrusion_width),
role => FLOW_ROLE_SUPPORT_MATERIAL,
nozzle_diameter => $self->print->config->nozzle_diameter->[ $self->config->support_material_extruder-1 ]
// $self->print->config->nozzle_diameter->[0],
layer_height => $self->config->get_abs_value('first_layer_height'),
bridge_flow_ratio => 0,
);
if (1) {
# Old supports, Perl implementation.
return Slic3r::Print::SupportMaterial->new(
print_config => $self->print->config,
object_config => $self->config,
first_layer_flow => $first_layer_flow,
flow => $self->support_material_flow,
interface_flow => $self->support_material_flow(FLOW_ROLE_SUPPORT_MATERIAL_INTERFACE),
);
} else {
# New supports, C++ implementation.
return Slic3r::Print::SupportMaterial2->new($self);
}
}
# Idempotence of this method is guaranteed by the fact that we don't remove things from
# fill_surfaces but we only turn them into VOID surfaces, thus preserving the boundaries.
sub clip_fill_surfaces {
my $self = shift;
return unless $self->config->infill_only_where_needed;
# We only want infill under ceilings; this is almost like an
# internal support material.
# proceed top-down skipping bottom layer
my $upper_internal = [];
for my $layer_id (reverse 1..($self->layer_count - 1)) {
my $layer = $self->get_layer($layer_id);
my $lower_layer = $self->get_layer($layer_id-1);
# detect things that we need to support
my $overhangs = []; # Polygons
# we need to support any solid surface
push @$overhangs, map $_->p,
grep $_->is_solid, map @{$_->fill_surfaces}, @{$layer->regions};
# we also need to support perimeters when there's at least one full
# unsupported loop
{
# get perimeters area as the difference between slices and fill_surfaces
my $perimeters = diff(
[ map @$_, @{$layer->slices} ],
[ map $_->p, map @{$_->fill_surfaces}, @{$layer->regions} ],
);
# only consider the area that is not supported by lower perimeters
$perimeters = intersection(
$perimeters,
[ map $_->p, map @{$_->fill_surfaces}, @{$lower_layer->regions} ],
1,
);
# only consider perimeter areas that are at least one extrusion width thick
#FIXME Offset2 eats out from both sides, while the perimeters are create outside in.
#Should the $pw not be half of the current value?
my $pw = min(map $_->flow(FLOW_ROLE_PERIMETER)->scaled_width, @{$layer->regions});
$perimeters = offset2($perimeters, -$pw, +$pw);
# append such thick perimeters to the areas that need support
push @$overhangs, @$perimeters;
}
# find new internal infill
$upper_internal = my $new_internal = intersection(
[
@$overhangs,
@$upper_internal,
],
[
# our current internal fill boundaries
map $_->p,
grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL || $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALVOID,
map @{$_->fill_surfaces}, @{$lower_layer->regions}
],
);
# apply new internal infill to regions
foreach my $layerm (@{$lower_layer->regions}) {
my (@internal, @other) = ();
foreach my $surface (map $_->clone, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces}) {
if ($surface->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL || $surface->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALVOID) {
push @internal, $surface;
} else {
push @other, $surface;
}
}
my @new = map Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
),
@{intersection_ex(
[ map $_->p, @internal ],
$new_internal,
1,
)};
push @other, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALVOID,
),
@{diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, @internal ],
$new_internal,
1,
)};
# If there are voids it means that our internal infill is not adjacent to
# perimeters. In this case it would be nice to add a loop around infill to
# make it more robust and nicer. TODO.
$layerm->fill_surfaces->clear;
$layerm->fill_surfaces->append($_) for (@new, @other);
if ($SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING) {
$layerm->export_region_fill_surfaces_to_svg_debug("6_clip_fill_surfaces");
}
}
}
}
sub discover_horizontal_shells {
my $self = shift;
Slic3r::debugf "==> DISCOVERING HORIZONTAL SHELLS\n";
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->region_count-1)) {
for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($i)->regions->[$region_id];
if ($layerm->region->config->solid_infill_every_layers && $layerm->region->config->fill_density > 0
&& ($i % $layerm->region->config->solid_infill_every_layers) == 0) {
# This is the layer to put the sparse infill in. Mark S_TYPE_INTERNAL surfaces as S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID or S_TYPE_INTERNALBRIDGE.
# If the sparse infill is not active, the internal surfaces are of type S_TYPE_INTERNAL.
my $type = $layerm->region->config->fill_density == 100 ? S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID : S_TYPE_INTERNALBRIDGE;
$_->surface_type($type) for @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL)};
}
# If ensure_vertical_shell_thickness, then the rest has already been performed by discover_vertical_shells().
next if ($layerm->region->config->ensure_vertical_shell_thickness);
EXTERNAL: foreach my $type (S_TYPE_TOP, S_TYPE_BOTTOM, S_TYPE_BOTTOMBRIDGE) {
# find slices of current type for current layer
# use slices instead of fill_surfaces because they also include the perimeter area
# which needs to be propagated in shells; we need to grow slices like we did for
# fill_surfaces though. Using both ungrown slices and grown fill_surfaces will
# not work in some situations, as there won't be any grown region in the perimeter
# area (this was seen in a model where the top layer had one extra perimeter, thus
# its fill_surfaces were thinner than the lower layer's infill), however it's the best
# solution so far. Growing the external slices by EXTERNAL_INFILL_MARGIN will put
# too much solid infill inside nearly-vertical slopes.
my $solid = [
# Surfaces including the area of perimeters. Everything, that is visible from the top / bottom
# (not covered by a layer above / below).
# This does not contain the areas covered by perimeters!
(map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices->filter_by_type($type)}),
# Infill areas (slices without the perimeters).
(map $_->p, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type($type)}),
];
next if !@$solid;
Slic3r::debugf "Layer %d has %s surfaces\n", $i, ($type == S_TYPE_TOP) ? 'top' : 'bottom';
my $solid_layers = ($type == S_TYPE_TOP)
? $layerm->region->config->top_solid_layers
: $layerm->region->config->bottom_solid_layers;
NEIGHBOR: for (my $n = ($type == S_TYPE_TOP) ? $i-1 : $i+1;
abs($n - $i) < $solid_layers;
($type == S_TYPE_TOP) ? $n-- : $n++) {
next if $n < 0 || $n >= $self->layer_count;
Slic3r::debugf " looking for neighbors on layer %d...\n", $n;
# Reference to the lower layer of a TOP surface, or an upper layer of a BOTTOM surface.
my $neighbor_layerm = $self->get_layer($n)->regions->[$region_id];
# Reference to the neighbour fill surfaces.
my $neighbor_fill_surfaces = $neighbor_layerm->fill_surfaces;
# Clone because we will use these surfaces even after clearing the collection.
my @neighbor_fill_surfaces = map $_->clone, @$neighbor_fill_surfaces;
# find intersection between neighbor and current layer's surfaces
# intersections have contours and holes
# we update $solid so that we limit the next neighbor layer to the areas that were
# found on this one - in other words, solid shells on one layer (for a given external surface)
# are always a subset of the shells found on the previous shell layer
# this approach allows for DWIM in hollow sloping vases, where we want bottom
# shells to be generated in the base but not in the walls (where there are many
# narrow bottom surfaces): reassigning $solid will consider the 'shadow' of the
# upper perimeter as an obstacle and shell will not be propagated to more upper layers
#FIXME How does it work for S_TYPE_INTERNALBRIDGE? This is set for sparse infill. Likely this does not work.
my $new_internal_solid = $solid = intersection(
$solid,
[ map $_->p, grep { ($_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL) || ($_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID) } @neighbor_fill_surfaces ],
1,
);
next EXTERNAL if !@$new_internal_solid;
if ($layerm->region->config->fill_density == 0) {
# if we're printing a hollow object we discard any solid shell thinner
# than a perimeter width, since it's probably just crossing a sloping wall
# and it's not wanted in a hollow print even if it would make sense when
# obeying the solid shell count option strictly (DWIM!)
my $margin = $neighbor_layerm->flow(FLOW_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER)->scaled_width;
my $regularized = offset2($new_internal_solid, -$margin, +$margin, CLIPPER_OFFSET_SCALE, JT_MITER, 5);
my $too_narrow = diff(
$new_internal_solid,
$regularized,
1,
);
# Trim the regularized region by the original region.
$new_internal_solid = $solid = intersection(
$new_internal_solid,
$regularized,
) if @$too_narrow;
}
# make sure the new internal solid is wide enough, as it might get collapsed
# when spacing is added in Fill.pm
if ($layerm->region->config->ensure_vertical_shell_thickness) {
# The possible thin sickles of top / bottom surfaces on steeply sloping surfaces touch
# the projections of top / bottom perimeters, therefore they will be sufficiently inflated by
# merging them with the projections of the top / bottom perimeters.
} else {
#FIXME Vojtech: Disable this and you will be sorry.
# https://github.com/prusa3d/Slic3r/issues/26 bottom
my $margin = 3 * $layerm->flow(FLOW_ROLE_SOLID_INFILL)->scaled_width; # require at least this size
# we use a higher miterLimit here to handle areas with acute angles
# in those cases, the default miterLimit would cut the corner and we'd
# get a triangle in $too_narrow; if we grow it below then the shell
# would have a different shape from the external surface and we'd still
# have the same angle, so the next shell would be grown even more and so on.
my $too_narrow = diff(
$new_internal_solid,
offset2($new_internal_solid, -$margin, +$margin, CLIPPER_OFFSET_SCALE, JT_MITER, 5),
1,
);
if (@$too_narrow) {
# grow the collapsing parts and add the extra area to the neighbor layer
# as well as to our original surfaces so that we support this
# additional area in the next shell too
# make sure our grown surfaces don't exceed the fill area
my @grown = @{intersection(
offset($too_narrow, +$margin),
# Discard bridges as they are grown for anchoring and we can't
# remove such anchors. (This may happen when a bridge is being
# anchored onto a wall where little space remains after the bridge
# is grown, and that little space is an internal solid shell so
# it triggers this too_narrow logic.)
[ map $_->p, grep { $_->is_internal && !$_->is_bridge } @neighbor_fill_surfaces ],
)};
$new_internal_solid = $solid = [ @grown, @$new_internal_solid ];
}
}
# internal-solid are the union of the existing internal-solid surfaces
# and new ones
my $internal_solid = union_ex([
( map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID, @neighbor_fill_surfaces ),
@$new_internal_solid,
]);
# subtract intersections from layer surfaces to get resulting internal surfaces
my $internal = diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @neighbor_fill_surfaces ],
[ map @$_, @$internal_solid ],
1,
);
Slic3r::debugf " %d internal-solid and %d internal surfaces found\n",
scalar(@$internal_solid), scalar(@$internal);
# assign resulting internal surfaces to layer
$neighbor_fill_surfaces->clear;
$neighbor_fill_surfaces->append($_)
for map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
@$internal;
# assign new internal-solid surfaces to layer
$neighbor_fill_surfaces->append($_)
for map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID),
@$internal_solid;
# assign top and bottom surfaces to layer
foreach my $s (@{Slic3r::Surface::Collection->new(grep { ($_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP) || $_->is_bottom } @neighbor_fill_surfaces)->group}) {
my $solid_surfaces = diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, @$s ],
[ map @$_, @$internal_solid, @$internal ],
1,
);
$neighbor_fill_surfaces->append($_)
for map $s->[0]->clone(expolygon => $_), @$solid_surfaces;
}
}
} # foreach my $type (S_TYPE_TOP, S_TYPE_BOTTOM, S_TYPE_BOTTOMBRIDGE)
} # for each layer
} # for each region
# Debugging output.
if ($SLIC3R_DEBUG_SLICE_PROCESSING) {
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->region_count-1)) {
for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) {
my $layerm = $self->get_layer($i)->regions->[$region_id];
$layerm->export_region_slices_to_svg_debug("5_discover_horizontal_shells");
$layerm->export_region_fill_surfaces_to_svg_debug("5_discover_horizontal_shells");
} # for each layer
} # for each region
}
}
# combine fill surfaces across layers to honor the "infill every N layers" option
# Idempotence of this method is guaranteed by the fact that we don't remove things from
# fill_surfaces but we only turn them into VOID surfaces, thus preserving the boundaries.
sub combine_infill {
my $self = shift;
# define the type used for voids
my %voidtype = (
&S_TYPE_INTERNAL() => S_TYPE_INTERNALVOID,
);
# work on each region separately
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->region_count-1)) {
my $region = $self->print->get_region($region_id);
my $every = $region->config->infill_every_layers;
next unless $every > 1 && $region->config->fill_density > 0;
# limit the number of combined layers to the maximum height allowed by this regions' nozzle
my $nozzle_diameter = min(
$self->print->config->get_at('nozzle_diameter', $region->config->infill_extruder-1),
$self->print->config->get_at('nozzle_diameter', $region->config->solid_infill_extruder-1),
);
# define the combinations
my %combine = (); # layer_idx => number of additional combined lower layers
{
my $current_height = my $layers = 0;
for my $layer_idx (0 .. ($self->layer_count-1)) {
my $layer = $self->get_layer($layer_idx);
next if $layer->id == 0; # skip first print layer (which may not be first layer in array because of raft)
my $height = $layer->height;
# check whether the combination of this layer with the lower layers' buffer
# would exceed max layer height or max combined layer count
if ($current_height + $height >= $nozzle_diameter + epsilon || $layers >= $every) {
# append combination to lower layer
$combine{$layer_idx-1} = $layers;
$current_height = $layers = 0;
}
$current_height += $height;
$layers++;
}
# append lower layers (if any) to uppermost layer
$combine{$self->layer_count-1} = $layers;
}
# loop through layers to which we have assigned layers to combine
for my $layer_idx (sort keys %combine) {
next unless $combine{$layer_idx} > 1;
# get all the LayerRegion objects to be combined
my @layerms = map $self->get_layer($_)->get_region($region_id),
($layer_idx - ($combine{$layer_idx}-1) .. $layer_idx);
# only combine internal infill
for my $type (S_TYPE_INTERNAL) {
# we need to perform a multi-layer intersection, so let's split it in pairs
# initialize the intersection with the candidates of the lowest layer
my $intersection = [ map $_->expolygon, @{$layerms[0]->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type($type)} ];
# start looping from the second layer and intersect the current intersection with it
for my $layerm (@layerms[1 .. $#layerms]) {
$intersection = intersection_ex(
[ map @$_, @$intersection ],
[ map @{$_->expolygon}, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type($type)} ],
);
}
my $area_threshold = $layerms[0]->infill_area_threshold;
@$intersection = grep $_->area > $area_threshold, @$intersection;
next if !@$intersection;
Slic3r::debugf " combining %d %s regions from layers %d-%d\n",
scalar(@$intersection),
($type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL ? 'internal' : 'internal-solid'),
$layer_idx-($every-1), $layer_idx;
# $intersection now contains the regions that can be combined across the full amount of layers
# so let's remove those areas from all layers
my @intersection_with_clearance = map @{$_->offset(
$layerms[-1]->flow(FLOW_ROLE_SOLID_INFILL)->scaled_width / 2
+ $layerms[-1]->flow(FLOW_ROLE_PERIMETER)->scaled_width / 2
# Because fill areas for rectilinear and honeycomb are grown
# later to overlap perimeters, we need to counteract that too.
+ (($type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID || $region->config->fill_pattern =~ /(rectilinear|grid|line|honeycomb)/)
? $layerms[-1]->flow(FLOW_ROLE_SOLID_INFILL)->scaled_width
: 0)
)}, @$intersection;
foreach my $layerm (@layerms) {
my @this_type = @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type($type)};
my @other_types = map $_->clone, grep $_->surface_type != $type, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces};
my @new_this_type = map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => $type),
@{diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, @this_type ],
[ @intersection_with_clearance ],
)};
# apply surfaces back with adjusted depth to the uppermost layer
if ($layerm->layer->id == $self->get_layer($layer_idx)->id) {
push @new_this_type,
map Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => $type,
thickness => sum(map $_->layer->height, @layerms),
thickness_layers => scalar(@layerms),
),
@$intersection;
} else {
# save void surfaces
push @new_this_type,
map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => $voidtype{$type}),
@{intersection_ex(
[ map @{$_->expolygon}, @this_type ],
[ @intersection_with_clearance ],
)};
}
$layerm->fill_surfaces->clear;
$layerm->fill_surfaces->append($_) for (@new_this_type, @other_types);
}
}
}
}
}
# Simplify the sliced model, if "resolution" configuration parameter > 0.
# The simplification is problematic, because it simplifies the slices independent from each other,
# which makes the simplified discretization visible on the object surface.
sub _simplify_slices {
my ($self, $distance) = @_;
foreach my $layer (@{$self->layers}) {
$layer->slices->simplify($distance);
$_->slices->simplify($distance) for @{$layer->regions};
}
}
sub support_material_flow {
my ($self, $role) = @_;
$role //= FLOW_ROLE_SUPPORT_MATERIAL;
my $extruder = ($role == FLOW_ROLE_SUPPORT_MATERIAL)
? $self->config->support_material_extruder
: $self->config->support_material_interface_extruder;
# we use a bogus layer_height because we use the same flow for all
# support material layers
return Slic3r::Flow->new_from_width(
width => $self->config->support_material_extrusion_width || $self->config->extrusion_width,
role => $role,
nozzle_diameter => $self->print->config->nozzle_diameter->[$extruder-1] // $self->print->config->nozzle_diameter->[0],
layer_height => $self->config->layer_height,
bridge_flow_ratio => 0,
);
}
1;