package Slic3r::Print::Object;
use Moo;
use List::Util qw(min max sum first);
use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath ':roles';
use Slic3r::Geometry qw(X Y Z PI scale unscale deg2rad rad2deg scaled_epsilon chained_path_points);
use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(diff diff_ex intersection intersection_ex union union_ex
offset offset_ex offset2 CLIPPER_OFFSET_SCALE JT_MITER);
use Slic3r::Surface ':types';
has 'print' => (is => 'ro', weak_ref => 1, required => 1);
has 'input_file' => (is => 'rw', required => 0);
has 'meshes' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] }); # by region_id
has 'size' => (is => 'rw', required => 1); # XYZ in scaled coordinates
has 'copies' => (is => 'rw', trigger => 1); # in scaled coordinates
has 'layers' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
has 'support_layers' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
has 'config_overrides' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::Config->new });
has 'config' => (is => 'rw');
has 'layer_height_ranges' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] }); # [ z_min, z_max, layer_height ]
has 'fill_maker' => (is => 'lazy');
has '_slice_z_table' => (is => 'lazy');
sub BUILD {
my $self = shift;
$self->init_config;
# make layers taking custom heights into account
my $print_z = my $slice_z = my $height = 0;
# add raft layers
for my $id (0 .. $self->config->raft_layers-1) {
$height = ($id == 0)
? $Slic3r::Config->get_value('first_layer_height')
: $Slic3r::Config->layer_height;
$print_z += $height;
push @{$self->layers}, Slic3r::Layer->new(
object => $self,
id => $id,
height => $height,
print_z => $print_z,
slice_z => -1,
);
}
# loop until we have at least one layer and the max slice_z reaches the object height
my $max_z = unscale $self->size->[Z];
while (!@{$self->layers} || ($slice_z - $height) <= $max_z) {
my $id = $#{$self->layers} + 1;
# assign the default height to the layer according to the general settings
$height = ($id == 0)
? $Slic3r::Config->get_value('first_layer_height')
: $Slic3r::Config->layer_height;
# look for an applicable custom range
if (my $range = first { $_->[0] <= $slice_z && $_->[1] > $slice_z } @{$self->layer_height_ranges}) {
$height = $range->[2];
# if user set custom height to zero we should just skip the range and resume slicing over it
if ($height == 0) {
$slice_z += $range->[1] - $range->[0];
next;
}
}
$print_z += $height;
$slice_z += $height/2;
### Slic3r::debugf "Layer %d: height = %s; slice_z = %s; print_z = %s\n", $id, $height, $slice_z, $print_z;
push @{$self->layers}, Slic3r::Layer->new(
object => $self,
id => $id,
height => $height,
print_z => $print_z,
slice_z => scale $slice_z,
);
$slice_z += $height/2; # add the other half layer
}
}
sub _build_fill_maker {
my $self = shift;
return Slic3r::Fill->new(object => $self);
}
sub _build__slice_z_table {
my $self = shift;
return Slic3r::Object::XS::ZTable->new([ map $_->slice_z, @{$self->layers} ]);
}
# This should be probably moved in Print.pm at the point where we sort Layer objects
sub _trigger_copies {
my $self = shift;
return unless @{$self->copies} > 1;
# order copies with a nearest neighbor search
@{$self->copies} = @{chained_path_points($self->copies)}
}
sub init_config {
my $self = shift;
$self->config(Slic3r::Config->merge($self->print->config, $self->config_overrides));
}
sub layer_count {
my $self = shift;
return scalar @{ $self->layers };
}
sub get_layer_range {
my $self = shift;
my ($min_z, $max_z) = @_;
my $min_layer = $self->_slice_z_table->lower_bound($min_z); # first layer whose slice_z is >= $min_z
return (
$min_layer,
$self->_slice_z_table->upper_bound($max_z, $min_layer)-1, # last layer whose slice_z is <= $max_z
);
}
sub bounding_box {
my $self = shift;
# since the object is aligned to origin, bounding box coincides with size
return Slic3r::Geometry::BoundingBox->new_from_points([ map Slic3r::Point->new(@$_[X,Y]), [0,0], $self->size ]);
}
sub slice {
my $self = shift;
my %params = @_;
# make sure all layers contain layer region objects for all regions
my $regions_count = $self->print->regions_count;
foreach my $layer (@{ $self->layers }) {
$layer->region($_) for 0 .. ($regions_count-1);
}
# process facets
for my $region_id (0 .. $#{$self->meshes}) {
my $mesh = $self->meshes->[$region_id] // next; # ignore undef meshes
my %lines = (); # layer_id => [ lines ]
my $apply_lines = sub {
my $lines = shift;
foreach my $layer_id (keys %$lines) {
$lines{$layer_id} ||= [];
push @{$lines{$layer_id}}, @{$lines->{$layer_id}};
}
};
Slic3r::parallelize(
disable => ($#{$mesh->facets} < 500), # don't parallelize when too few facets
items => [ 0..$#{$mesh->facets} ],
thread_cb => sub {
my $q = shift;
my $result_lines = {};
while (defined (my $facet_id = $q->dequeue)) {
my $lines = $mesh->slice_facet($self, $facet_id);
foreach my $layer_id (keys %$lines) {
$result_lines->{$layer_id} ||= [];
push @{ $result_lines->{$layer_id} }, @{ $lines->{$layer_id} };
}
}
return $result_lines;
},
collect_cb => sub {
$apply_lines->($_[0]);
},
no_threads_cb => sub {
for (0..$#{$mesh->facets}) {
my $lines = $mesh->slice_facet($self, $_);
$apply_lines->($lines);
}
},
);
# free memory
undef $mesh;
undef $self->meshes->[$region_id];
foreach my $layer (@{ $self->layers }) {
Slic3r::debugf "Making surfaces for layer %d (slice z = %f):\n",
$layer->id, unscale $layer->slice_z if $Slic3r::debug;
my $layerm = $layer->regions->[$region_id];
my ($slicing_errors, $loops) = Slic3r::TriangleMesh::make_loops($lines{$layer->id});
$layer->slicing_errors(1) if $slicing_errors;
$layerm->make_surfaces($loops);
# free memory
delete $lines{$layer->id};
}
}
# free memory
$self->meshes(undef);
# remove last layer(s) if empty
pop @{$self->layers} while @{$self->layers} && (!map @{$_->slices}, @{$self->layers->[-1]->regions});
foreach my $layer (@{ $self->layers }) {
# merge all regions' slices to get islands
$layer->make_slices;
}
# detect slicing errors
my $warning_thrown = 0;
for my $i (0 .. $#{$self->layers}) {
my $layer = $self->layers->[$i];
next unless $layer->slicing_errors;
if (!$warning_thrown) {
warn "The model has overlapping or self-intersecting facets. I tried to repair it, "
. "however you might want to check the results or repair the input file and retry.\n";
$warning_thrown = 1;
}
# try to repair the layer surfaces by merging all contours and all holes from
# neighbor layers
Slic3r::debugf "Attempting to repair layer %d\n", $i;
foreach my $region_id (0 .. $#{$layer->regions}) {
my $layerm = $layer->region($region_id);
my (@upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces);
for (my $j = $i+1; $j <= $#{$self->layers}; $j++) {
if (!$self->layers->[$j]->slicing_errors) {
@upper_surfaces = @{$self->layers->[$j]->region($region_id)->slices};
last;
}
}
for (my $j = $i-1; $j >= 0; $j--) {
if (!$self->layers->[$j]->slicing_errors) {
@lower_surfaces = @{$self->layers->[$j]->region($region_id)->slices};
last;
}
}
my $union = union_ex([
map $_->expolygon->contour, @upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces,
]);
my $diff = diff_ex(
[ map @$_, @$union ],
[ map @{$_->expolygon->holes}, @upper_surfaces, @lower_surfaces, ],
);
$layerm->slices->clear;
$layerm->slices->append(
map Slic3r::Surface->new
(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
@$diff
);
}
# update layer slices after repairing the single regions
$layer->make_slices;
}
# remove empty layers from bottom
my $first_object_layer_id = $self->config->raft_layers;
while (@{$self->layers} && !@{$self->layers->[$first_object_layer_id]->slices} && !map @{$_->thin_walls}, @{$self->layers->[$first_object_layer_id]->regions}) {
splice @{$self->layers}, $first_object_layer_id, 1;
for (my $i = $first_object_layer_id; $i <= $#{$self->layers}; $i++) {
$self->layers->[$i]->id($i);
}
}
}
sub make_perimeters {
my $self = shift;
# compare each layer to the one below, and mark those slices needing
# one additional inner perimeter, like the top of domed objects-
# this algorithm makes sure that at least one perimeter is overlapping
# but we don't generate any extra perimeter if fill density is zero, as they would be floating
# inside the object - infill_only_where_needed should be the method of choice for printing
# hollow objects
if ($self->config->extra_perimeters && $self->config->perimeters > 0 && $self->config->fill_density > 0) {
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->regions_count-1)) {
for my $layer_id (0 .. $self->layer_count-2) {
my $layerm = $self->layers->[$layer_id]->regions->[$region_id];
my $upper_layerm = $self->layers->[$layer_id+1]->regions->[$region_id];
my $perimeter_spacing = $layerm->perimeter_flow->scaled_spacing;
my $overlap = $perimeter_spacing; # one perimeter
my $diff = diff(
offset([ map @{$_->expolygon}, @{$layerm->slices} ], -($self->config->perimeters * $perimeter_spacing)),
offset([ map @{$_->expolygon}, @{$upper_layerm->slices} ], -$overlap),
);
next if !@$diff;
# if we need more perimeters, $diff should contain a narrow region that we can collapse
$diff = diff(
$diff,
offset2($diff, -$perimeter_spacing, +$perimeter_spacing),
1,
);
next if !@$diff;
# diff contains the collapsed area
foreach my $slice (@{$layerm->slices}) {
my $extra_perimeters = 0;
CYCLE: while (1) {
# compute polygons representing the thickness of the hypotetical new internal perimeter
# of our slice
$extra_perimeters++;
my $hypothetical_perimeter = diff(
offset($slice->expolygon->arrayref, -($perimeter_spacing * ($self->config->perimeters + $extra_perimeters-1))),
offset($slice->expolygon->arrayref, -($perimeter_spacing * ($self->config->perimeters + $extra_perimeters))),
);
last CYCLE if !@$hypothetical_perimeter; # no extra perimeter is possible
# only add the perimeter if there's an intersection with the collapsed area
last CYCLE if !@{ intersection($diff, $hypothetical_perimeter) };
Slic3r::debugf " adding one more perimeter at layer %d\n", $layer_id;
$slice->extra_perimeters($extra_perimeters);
}
}
}
}
}
Slic3r::parallelize(
items => sub { 0 .. ($self->layer_count-1) },
thread_cb => sub {
my $q = shift;
while (defined (my $layer_id = $q->dequeue)) {
$self->layers->[$layer_id]->make_perimeters;
}
},
collect_cb => sub {},
no_threads_cb => sub {
$_->make_perimeters for @{$self->layers};
},
);
}
sub detect_surfaces_type {
my $self = shift;
Slic3r::debugf "Detecting solid surfaces...\n";
# prepare a reusable subroutine to make surface differences
my $surface_difference = sub {
my ($subject_surfaces, $clip_surfaces, $result_type, $layerm) = @_;
my $expolygons = diff_ex(
[ map @$_, @$subject_surfaces ],
[ map @$_, @$clip_surfaces ],
1,
);
return map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => $result_type),
@$expolygons;
};
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->regions_count-1)) {
for my $i (0 .. ($self->layer_count-1)) {
my $layerm = $self->layers->[$i]->regions->[$region_id];
# comparison happens against the *full* slices (considering all regions)
my $upper_layer = $self->layers->[$i+1];
my $lower_layer = $i > 0 ? $self->layers->[$i-1] : undef;
my (@bottom, @top, @internal) = ();
# find top surfaces (difference between current surfaces
# of current layer and upper one)
if ($upper_layer) {
@top = $surface_difference->(
[ map $_->expolygon, @{$layerm->slices} ],
$upper_layer->slices,
S_TYPE_TOP,
$layerm,
);
} else {
# if no upper layer, all surfaces of this one are solid
# we clone surfaces because we're going to clear the slices collection
@top = map $_->clone, @{$layerm->slices};
$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_TOP) for @top;
}
# find bottom surfaces (difference between current surfaces
# of current layer and lower one)
if ($lower_layer) {
# lower layer's slices are already Surface objects
@bottom = $surface_difference->(
[ map $_->expolygon, @{$layerm->slices} ],
$lower_layer->slices,
S_TYPE_BOTTOM,
$layerm,
);
} else {
# if no lower layer, all surfaces of this one are solid
# we clone surfaces because we're going to clear the slices collection
@bottom = map $_->clone, @{$layerm->slices};
$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_BOTTOM) for @bottom;
}
# now, if the object contained a thin membrane, we could have overlapping bottom
# and top surfaces; let's do an intersection to discover them and consider them
# as bottom surfaces (to allow for bridge detection)
if (@top && @bottom) {
my $overlapping = intersection_ex([ map $_->p, @top ], [ map $_->p, @bottom ]);
Slic3r::debugf " layer %d contains %d membrane(s)\n", $layerm->id, scalar(@$overlapping);
@top = $surface_difference->([map $_->expolygon, @top], $overlapping, S_TYPE_TOP, $layerm);
}
# find internal surfaces (difference between top/bottom surfaces and others)
@internal = $surface_difference->(
[ map $_->expolygon, @{$layerm->slices} ],
[ map $_->expolygon, @top, @bottom ],
S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
$layerm,
);
# save surfaces to layer
$layerm->slices->clear;
$layerm->slices->append(@bottom, @top, @internal);
Slic3r::debugf " layer %d has %d bottom, %d top and %d internal surfaces\n",
$layerm->id, scalar(@bottom), scalar(@top), scalar(@internal);
}
# clip surfaces to the fill boundaries
foreach my $layer (@{$self->layers}) {
my $layerm = $layer->regions->[$region_id];
my $fill_boundaries = [ map $_->clone->p, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces} ];
$layerm->fill_surfaces->clear;
foreach my $surface (@{$layerm->slices}) {
my $intersection = intersection_ex(
[ $surface->p ],
$fill_boundaries,
);
$layerm->fill_surfaces->append(map Slic3r::Surface->new
(expolygon => $_, surface_type => $surface->surface_type),
@$intersection);
}
}
}
}
sub clip_fill_surfaces {
my $self = shift;
return unless $self->config->infill_only_where_needed;
# We only want infill under ceilings; this is almost like an
# internal support material.
my $additional_margin = scale 3;
my @overhangs = ();
for my $layer_id (reverse 0..$#{$self->layers}) {
my $layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id];
# clip this layer's internal surfaces to @overhangs
foreach my $layerm (@{$layer->regions}) {
my @new_internal = map Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL,
),
@{intersection_ex(
[ map @$_, @overhangs ],
[ map $_->p, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL)} ],
)};
my @new_surfaces = (
@new_internal,
(map $_->clone, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL)}),
);
$layerm->fill_surfaces->clear;
$layerm->fill_surfaces->append(@new_surfaces);
}
# get this layer's overhangs
if ($layer_id > 0) {
my $lower_layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id-1];
# loop through layer regions so that we can use each region's
# specific overhang width
foreach my $layerm (@{$layer->regions}) {
my $overhang_width = $layerm->overhang_width;
# we want to support any solid surface, not just tops
# (internal solids might have been generated)
push @overhangs, map @{$_->offset_ex($additional_margin)}, @{intersection_ex(
[ map @{$_->expolygon}, grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces} ],
[ map @$_, map @{$_->offset_ex(-$overhang_width)}, @{$lower_layer->slices} ],
)};
}
}
}
}
sub bridge_over_infill {
my $self = shift;
return if $self->config->fill_density == 1;
for my $layer_id (1..$#{$self->layers}) {
my $layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id];
my $lower_layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id-1];
foreach my $layerm (@{$layer->regions}) {
# compute the areas needing bridge math
my @internal_solid = @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID)};
my @lower_internal = map @{$_->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL)}, @{$lower_layer->regions};
my $to_bridge = intersection_ex(
[ map $_->p, @internal_solid ],
[ map $_->p, @lower_internal ],
);
next unless @$to_bridge;
Slic3r::debugf "Bridging %d internal areas at layer %d\n", scalar(@$to_bridge), $layer_id;
# build the new collection of fill_surfaces
{
my @new_surfaces = map $_->clone, grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces};
push @new_surfaces, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALBRIDGE,
), @$to_bridge;
push @new_surfaces, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID,
), @{diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, @internal_solid ],
[ map @$_, @$to_bridge ],
1,
)};
$layerm->fill_surfaces->clear;
$layerm->fill_surfaces->append(@new_surfaces);
}
# exclude infill from the layers below if needed
# see discussion at https://github.com/alexrj/Slic3r/issues/240
# Update: do not exclude any infill. Sparse infill is able to absorb the excess material.
if (0) {
my $excess = $layerm->extruders->{infill}->bridge_flow->width - $layerm->height;
for (my $i = $layer_id-1; $excess >= $self->layers->[$i]->height; $i--) {
Slic3r::debugf " skipping infill below those areas at layer %d\n", $i;
foreach my $lower_layerm (@{$self->layers->[$i]->regions}) {
my @new_surfaces = ();
# subtract the area from all types of surfaces
foreach my $group (Slic3r::Surface->group(@{$lower_layerm->fill_surfaces})) {
push @new_surfaces, map $group->[0]->clone(expolygon => $_),
@{diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, @$group ],
[ map @$_, @$to_bridge ],
)};
push @new_surfaces, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALVOID,
), @{intersection_ex(
[ map $_->p, @$group ],
[ map @$_, @$to_bridge ],
)};
}
$lower_layerm->fill_surfaces->clear;
$lower_layerm->fill_surfaces->append(@new_surfaces);
}
$excess -= $self->layers->[$i]->height;
}
}
}
}
}
sub discover_horizontal_shells {
my $self = shift;
Slic3r::debugf "==> DISCOVERING HORIZONTAL SHELLS\n";
my $margin = scale &Slic3r::EXTERNAL_INFILL_MARGIN;
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->regions_count-1)) {
for (my $i = 0; $i < $self->layer_count; $i++) {
my $layerm = $self->layers->[$i]->regions->[$region_id];
if ($self->config->solid_infill_every_layers && $self->config->fill_density > 0
&& ($i % $self->config->solid_infill_every_layers) == 0) {
$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID) for @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL)};
}
EXTERNAL: foreach my $type (S_TYPE_TOP, S_TYPE_BOTTOM) {
# find slices of current type for current layer
# use slices instead of fill_surfaces because they also include the perimeter area
# which needs to be propagated in shells; we need to grow slices like we did for
# fill_surfaces though. Using both ungrown slices and grown fill_surfaces will
# not work in some situations, as there won't be any grown region in the perimeter
# area (this was seen in a model where the top layer had one extra perimeter, thus
# its fill_surfaces was thinner than the lower layer's infill)
my $solid = offset_ex([ map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices->filter_by_type($type)} ], $margin);
next if !@$solid;
Slic3r::debugf "Layer %d has %s surfaces\n", $i, ($type == S_TYPE_TOP) ? 'top' : 'bottom';
my $solid_layers = ($type == S_TYPE_TOP)
? $self->config->top_solid_layers
: $self->config->bottom_solid_layers;
NEIGHBOR: for (my $n = ($type == S_TYPE_TOP) ? $i-1 : $i+1;
abs($n - $i) <= $solid_layers-1;
($type == S_TYPE_TOP) ? $n-- : $n++) {
next if $n < 0 || $n >= $self->layer_count;
Slic3r::debugf " looking for neighbors on layer %d...\n", $n;
my @neighbor_fill_surfaces = @{$self->layers->[$n]->regions->[$region_id]->fill_surfaces};
# find intersection between neighbor and current layer's surfaces
# intersections have contours and holes
# we update $solid so that we limit the next neighbor layer to the areas that were
# found on this one - in other words, solid shells on one layer (for a given external surface)
# are always a subset of the shells found on the previous shell layer
# this approach allows for DWIM in hollow sloping vases, where we want bottom
# shells to be generated in the base but not in the walls (where there are many
# narrow bottom surfaces): reassigning $solid will consider the 'shadow' of the
# upper perimeter as an obstacle and shell will not be propagated to more upper layers
my $new_internal_solid = $solid = intersection_ex(
[ map @$_, @$solid ],
[ map $_->p, grep { ($_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL) || ($_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID) } @neighbor_fill_surfaces ],
1,
);
next EXTERNAL if !@$new_internal_solid;
# make sure the new internal solid is wide enough, as it might get collapsed when
# spacing is added in Fill.pm
{
# we use a higher miterLimit here to handle areas with acute angles
# in those cases, the default miterLimit would cut the corner and we'd
# get a triangle in $too_narrow; if we grow it below then the shell
# would have a different shape from the external surface and we'd still
# have the same angle, so the next shell would be grown even more and so on.
my $margin = 3 * $layerm->solid_infill_flow->scaled_width; # require at least this size
my $too_narrow = diff_ex(
[ map @$_, @$new_internal_solid ],
offset2([ map @$_, @$new_internal_solid ], -$margin, +$margin, CLIPPER_OFFSET_SCALE, JT_MITER, 5),
1,
);
# if some parts are going to collapse, use a different strategy according to fill density
if (@$too_narrow) {
if ($self->config->fill_density > 0) {
# if we have internal infill, grow the collapsing parts and add the extra area to
# the neighbor layer as well as to our original surfaces so that we support this
# additional area in the next shell too
# make sure our grown surfaces don't exceed the fill area
my @grown = @{intersection(
offset([ map @$_, @$too_narrow ], +$margin),
[ map $_->p, @neighbor_fill_surfaces ],
)};
$new_internal_solid = $solid = union_ex([ @grown, (map @$_, @$new_internal_solid) ]);
} else {
# if we're printing a hollow object, we discard such small parts
$new_internal_solid = $solid = diff_ex(
[ map @$_, @$new_internal_solid ],
[ map @$_, @$too_narrow ],
);
}
}
}
# internal-solid are the union of the existing internal-solid surfaces
# and new ones
my $internal_solid = union_ex([
( map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID, @neighbor_fill_surfaces ),
( map @$_, @$new_internal_solid ),
]);
# subtract intersections from layer surfaces to get resulting internal surfaces
my $internal = diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @neighbor_fill_surfaces ],
[ map @$_, @$internal_solid ],
1,
);
Slic3r::debugf " %d internal-solid and %d internal surfaces found\n",
scalar(@$internal_solid), scalar(@$internal);
# assign resulting internal surfaces to layer
my $neighbor_fill_surfaces = $self->layers->[$n]->regions->[$region_id]->fill_surfaces;
$neighbor_fill_surfaces->clear;
$neighbor_fill_surfaces->append(map Slic3r::Surface->new
(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL), @$internal);
# assign new internal-solid surfaces to layer
$neighbor_fill_surfaces->append(map Slic3r::Surface->new
(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID), @$internal_solid);
# assign top and bottom surfaces to layer
foreach my $s (Slic3r::Surface->group(grep { ($_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP) || ($_->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM) } @neighbor_fill_surfaces)) {
my $solid_surfaces = diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, @$s ],
[ map @$_, @$internal_solid, @$internal ],
1,
);
$neighbor_fill_surfaces->append(map $s->[0]->clone(expolygon => $_), @$solid_surfaces);
}
}
}
}
}
}
# combine fill surfaces across layers
sub combine_infill {
my $self = shift;
return unless $self->config->infill_every_layers > 1 && $self->config->fill_density > 0;
my $every = $self->config->infill_every_layers;
my $layer_count = $self->layer_count;
my @layer_heights = map $self->layers->[$_]->height, 0 .. $layer_count-1;
for my $region_id (0 .. ($self->print->regions_count-1)) {
# limit the number of combined layers to the maximum height allowed by this regions' nozzle
my $nozzle_diameter = $self->print->regions->[$region_id]->extruders->{infill}->nozzle_diameter;
# define the combinations
my @combine = (); # layer_id => thickness in layers
{
my $current_height = my $layers = 0;
for my $layer_id (1 .. $#layer_heights) {
my $height = $self->layers->[$layer_id]->height;
if ($current_height + $height >= $nozzle_diameter || $layers >= $every) {
$combine[$layer_id-1] = $layers;
$current_height = $layers = 0;
}
$current_height += $height;
$layers++;
}
}
# skip bottom layer
for my $layer_id (1 .. $#combine) {
next unless ($combine[$layer_id] // 1) > 1;
my @layerms = map $self->layers->[$_]->regions->[$region_id],
($layer_id - ($combine[$layer_id]-1) .. $layer_id);
# only combine internal infill
for my $type (S_TYPE_INTERNAL) {
# we need to perform a multi-layer intersection, so let's split it in pairs
# initialize the intersection with the candidates of the lowest layer
my $intersection = [ map $_->expolygon, @{$layerms[0]->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type($type)} ];
# start looping from the second layer and intersect the current intersection with it
for my $layerm (@layerms[1 .. $#layerms]) {
$intersection = intersection_ex(
[ map @$_, @$intersection ],
[ map @{$_->expolygon}, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type($type)} ],
);
}
my $area_threshold = $layerms[0]->infill_area_threshold;
@$intersection = grep $_->area > $area_threshold, @$intersection;
next if !@$intersection;
Slic3r::debugf " combining %d %s regions from layers %d-%d\n",
scalar(@$intersection),
($type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL ? 'internal' : 'internal-solid'),
$layer_id-($every-1), $layer_id;
# $intersection now contains the regions that can be combined across the full amount of layers
# so let's remove those areas from all layers
my @intersection_with_clearance = map @{$_->offset(
$layerms[-1]->solid_infill_flow->scaled_width / 2
+ $layerms[-1]->perimeter_flow->scaled_width / 2
# Because fill areas for rectilinear and honeycomb are grown
# later to overlap perimeters, we need to counteract that too.
+ (($type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID || $self->config->fill_pattern =~ /(rectilinear|honeycomb)/)
? $layerms[-1]->solid_infill_flow->scaled_width * &Slic3r::INFILL_OVERLAP_OVER_SPACING
: 0)
)}, @$intersection;
foreach my $layerm (@layerms) {
my @this_type = @{$layerm->fill_surfaces->filter_by_type($type)};
my @other_types = map $_->clone, grep $_->surface_type != $type, @{$layerm->fill_surfaces};
my @new_this_type = map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => $type),
@{diff_ex(
[ map $_->p, @this_type ],
[ @intersection_with_clearance ],
)};
# apply surfaces back with adjusted depth to the uppermost layer
if ($layerm->id == $layer_id) {
push @new_this_type,
map Slic3r::Surface->new(
expolygon => $_,
surface_type => $type,
thickness => sum(map $_->height, @layerms),
thickness_layers => scalar(@layerms),
),
@$intersection;
} else {
# save void surfaces
push @this_type,
map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALVOID),
@{intersection_ex(
[ map @{$_->expolygon}, @this_type ],
[ @intersection_with_clearance ],
)};
}
$layerm->fill_surfaces->clear;
$layerm->fill_surfaces->append(@new_this_type, @other_types);
}
}
}
}
}
sub generate_support_material {
my $self = shift;
return unless $self->config->support_material && $self->layer_count >= 2;
my $flow = $self->print->support_material_flow;
# how much we extend support around the actual contact area
#my $margin = $flow->scaled_width / 2;
my $margin = scale 3;
# increment used to reach $margin in steps to avoid trespassing thin objects
my $margin_step = $margin/3;
# if user specified a custom angle threshold, convert it to radians
my $threshold_rad;
if ($self->config->support_material_threshold) {
$threshold_rad = deg2rad($self->config->support_material_threshold + 1); # +1 makes the threshold inclusive
Slic3r::debugf "Threshold angle = %d°\n", rad2deg($threshold_rad);
}
# shape of contact area
my $contact_loops = 1;
my $circle_radius = 1.5 * $flow->scaled_width;
my $circle_distance = 3 * $circle_radius;
my $circle = Slic3r::Polygon->new(map [ $circle_radius * cos $_, $circle_radius * sin $_ ], (5*PI/3, 4*PI/3, PI, 2*PI/3, PI/3, 0));
# determine contact areas
my %contact = (); # contact_z => [ polygons ]
my %overhang = (); # contact_z => [ expolygons ] - this stores the actual overhang supported by each contact layer
for my $layer_id (1 .. $#{$self->layers}) {
my $layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id];
my $lower_layer = $self->layers->[$layer_id-1];
# detect overhangs and contact areas needed to support them
my (@overhang, @contact) = ();
foreach my $layerm (@{$layer->regions}) {
my $fw = $layerm->perimeter_flow->scaled_width;
my $diff;
# If a threshold angle was specified, use a different logic for detecting overhangs.
if (defined $threshold_rad || $layer_id <= $self->config->support_material_enforce_layers) {
my $d = defined $threshold_rad
? scale $lower_layer->height * ((cos $threshold_rad) / (sin $threshold_rad))
: 0;
$diff = diff(
offset([ map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices} ], -$d),
[ map @$_, @{$lower_layer->slices} ],
);
# only enforce spacing from the object ($fw/2) if the threshold angle
# is not too high: in that case, $d will be very small (as we need to catch
# very short overhangs), and such contact area would be eaten by the
# enforced spacing, resulting in high threshold angles to be almost ignored
$diff = diff(
offset($diff, $d - $fw/2),
[ map @$_, @{$lower_layer->slices} ],
) if $d > $fw/2;
} else {
$diff = diff(
offset([ map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices} ], -$fw/2),
[ map @$_, @{$lower_layer->slices} ],
);
# $diff now contains the ring or stripe comprised between the boundary of
# lower slices and the centerline of the last perimeter in this overhanging layer.
# Void $diff means that there's no upper perimeter whose centerline is
# outside the lower slice boundary, thus no overhang
}
next if !@$diff;
push @overhang, @{union_ex($diff)}; # NOTE: this is not the full overhang as it misses the outermost half of the perimeter width!
# Let's define the required contact area by using a max gap of half the upper
# extrusion width and extending the area according to the configured margin.
# We increment the area in steps because we don't want our support to overflow
# on the other side of the object (if it's very thin).
{
my @slices_margin = @{offset([ map @$_, @{$lower_layer->slices} ], $fw/2)};
for ($fw/2, map {$margin_step} 1..($margin / $margin_step)) {
$diff = diff(
offset($diff, $_),
\@slices_margin,
);
}
}
push @contact, @$diff;
}
next if !@contact;
# now apply the contact areas to the layer were they need to be made
{
# get the average nozzle diameter used on this layer
my @nozzle_diameters = map $_->nozzle_diameter,
map { $_->perimeter_flow, $_->solid_infill_flow }
@{$layer->regions};
my $nozzle_diameter = sum(@nozzle_diameters)/@nozzle_diameters;
my $contact_z = $layer->print_z - $nozzle_diameter * 1.5;
###$contact_z = $layer->print_z - $layer->height;
# ignore this contact area if it's too low
next if $contact_z < $Slic3r::Config->get_value('first_layer_height');
$contact{$contact_z} = [ @contact ];
$overhang{$contact_z} = [ @overhang ];
if (0) {
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
Slic3r::SVG::output("contact_" . $contact_z . ".svg",
expolygons => union_ex(\@contact),
red_expolygons => \@overhang,
);
}
}
}
my @contact_z = sort keys %contact;
# find object top surfaces
# we'll use them to clip our support and detect where does it stick
my %top = (); # print_z => [ expolygons ]
{
my $projection = [];
foreach my $layer (reverse @{$self->layers}) {
if (my @top = grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP, map @{$_->slices}, @{$layer->regions}) {
# compute projection of the contact areas above this top layer
# first add all the 'new' contact areas to the current projection
# ('new' means all the areas that are lower than the last top layer
# we considered)
my $min_top = min(keys %top) // max(keys %contact);
# use <= instead of just < because otherwise we'd ignore any contact regions
# having the same Z of top layers
push @$projection, map @{$contact{$_}}, grep { $_ > $layer->print_z && $_ <= $min_top } keys %contact;
# now find whether any projection falls onto this top surface
my $touching = intersection($projection, [ map $_->p, @top ]);
if (@$touching) {
# grow top surfaces so that interface and support generation are generated
# with some spacing from object - it looks we don't need the actual
# top shapes so this can be done here
$top{ $layer->print_z } = [ offset($touching, $flow->scaled_spacing) ];
}
# remove the areas that touched from the projection that will continue on
# next, lower, top surfaces
$projection = diff($projection, $touching);
}
}
}
my @top_z = sort keys %top;
# we now know the upper and lower boundaries for our support material object
# (@contact_z and @top_z), so we can generate intermediate layers
my @support_layers = _compute_support_layers(\@contact_z, \@top_z, $self->config, $flow);
# if we wanted to apply some special logic to the first support layers lying on
# object's top surfaces this is the place to detect them
# let's now generate interface layers below contact areas
my %interface = (); # layer_id => [ polygons ]
my $interface_layers = $self->config->support_material_interface_layers;
for my $layer_id (0 .. $#support_layers) {
my $z = $support_layers[$layer_id];
my $this = $contact{$z} // next;
# count contact layer as interface layer
for (my $i = $layer_id-1; $i >= 0 && $i > $layer_id-$interface_layers; $i--) {
$z = $support_layers[$i];
# Compute interface area on this layer as diff of upper contact area
# (or upper interface area) and layer slices.
# This diff is responsible of the contact between support material and
# the top surfaces of the object. We should probably offset the top
# surfaces before performing the diff, but this needs investigation.
$this = $interface{$i} = diff(
[
@$this, # clipped projection of the current contact regions
@{ $interface{$i} || [] }, # interface regions already applied to this layer
],
[
@{ $top{$z} || [] }, # top slices on this layer
@{ $contact{$z} || [] }, # contact regions on this layer
],
1,
);
}
}
# let's now generate support layers under interface layers
my %support = (); # layer_id => [ polygons ]
{
for my $i (reverse 0 .. $#support_layers-1) {
my $z = $support_layers[$i];
$support{$i} = diff(
[
@{ $support{$i+1} || [] }, # support regions on upper layer
@{ $interface{$i+1} || [] }, # interface regions on upper layer
],
[
@{ $top{$z} || [] }, # top slices on this layer
@{ $interface{$i} || [] }, # interface regions on this layer
@{ $contact{$z} || [] }, # contact regions on this layer
],
1,
);
}
}
push @{$self->support_layers}, map Slic3r::Layer::Support->new(
object => $self,
id => $_,
height => ($_ == 0) ? $support_layers[$_] : ($support_layers[$_] - $support_layers[$_-1]),
print_z => $support_layers[$_],
slice_z => -1,
slices => [],
), 0 .. $#support_layers;
Slic3r::debugf "Generating patterns\n";
# prepare fillers
my $pattern = $self->config->support_material_pattern;
my @angles = ($self->config->support_material_angle);
if ($pattern eq 'rectilinear-grid') {
$pattern = 'rectilinear';
push @angles, $angles[0] + 90;
}
my %fillers = (
interface => $self->fill_maker->filler('rectilinear'),
support => $self->fill_maker->filler($pattern),
);
my $interface_angle = $self->config->support_material_angle + 90;
my $interface_spacing = $self->config->support_material_interface_spacing + $flow->spacing;
my $interface_density = $interface_spacing == 0 ? 1 : $flow->spacing / $interface_spacing;
my $support_spacing = $self->config->support_material_spacing + $flow->spacing;
my $support_density = $support_spacing == 0 ? 1 : $flow->spacing / $support_spacing;
my $process_layer = sub {
my ($layer_id) = @_;
$contact{$support_layers[$layer_id]} ||= [];
$interface{$layer_id} ||= [];
$support{$layer_id} ||= [];
if (0) {
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
Slic3r::SVG::output("layer_" . $support_layers[$layer_id] . ".svg",
red_expolygons => union_ex($contact{$support_layers[$layer_id]}),
green_expolygons => union_ex($interface{$layer_id}),
);
}
# islands
my $result = { contact => [], interface => [], support => [] };
$result->{islands} = union_ex([
map @$_,
$interface{$layer_id},
$support{$layer_id},
$contact{$support_layers[$layer_id]},
]);
# contact
my $contact_infill = [];
if ((my $contact = $contact{$support_layers[$layer_id]}) && $contact_loops > 0) {
my $overhang = $overhang{$support_layers[$layer_id]};
$contact = [ grep $_->is_counter_clockwise, @$contact ];
# generate the outermost loop
my @loops0;
{
# find centerline of the external loop of the contours
my @external_loops = @{offset($contact, -$flow->scaled_width/2)};
# apply a pattern to the loop
my @positions = map Slic3r::Polygon->new(@$_)->split_at_first_point->regular_points($circle_distance), @external_loops;
@loops0 = @{diff(
[ @external_loops ],
[ map $circle->clone->translate(@$_), @positions ],
)};
}
# make more loops
my @loops = @loops0;
for my $i (2..$contact_loops) {
my $d = ($i-1) * $flow->scaled_spacing;
push @loops, @{offset2(\@loops0, -$d -0.5*$flow->scaled_spacing, +0.5*$flow->scaled_spacing)};
}
# clip such loops to the side oriented towards the object
@loops = map Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_),
@{ Boost::Geometry::Utils::multi_polygon_multi_linestring_intersection(
[ map $_->pp, @{offset_ex([ map @$_, @$overhang ], +scale 3)} ],
[ map Slic3r::Polygon->new(@$_)->split_at_first_point->pp, @loops ],
) };
# add the contact infill area to the interface area
$contact_infill = offset2(\@loops0, -($contact_loops + 0.5) * $flow->scaled_spacing, +0.5*$flow->scaled_spacing);
# transform loops into ExtrusionPath objects
@loops = map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
polyline => $_,
role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL,
flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
), @loops;
$result->{contact} = [ @loops ];
}
# interface and contact infill
if (@{$interface{$layer_id}} || @$contact_infill) {
$fillers{interface}->angle($interface_angle);
# steal some space from support
$interface{$layer_id} = intersection(
offset([ map @$_, $interface{$layer_id}, $contact_infill ], scale 3),
[ map @$_, $interface{$layer_id}, $support{$layer_id}, $contact_infill ],
1,
);
$support{$layer_id} = diff(
$support{$layer_id},
$interface{$layer_id},
);
my @paths = ();
foreach my $expolygon (@{union_ex($interface{$layer_id})}) {
my @p = $fillers{interface}->fill_surface(
Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $expolygon, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
density => $interface_density,
flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
complete => 1,
);
my $params = shift @p;
push @paths, map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
polyline => Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_),
role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL,
height => undef,
flow_spacing => $params->{flow_spacing},
), @p;
}
$result->{interface} = [ @paths ];
}
# support or flange
if (@{$support{$layer_id}}) {
my $filler = $fillers{support};
$filler->angle($angles[ ($layer_id) % @angles ]);
my $density = $support_density;
my $flow_spacing = $flow->spacing;
# TODO: use offset2_ex()
my $to_infill = union_ex($support{$layer_id}, 1);
my @paths = ();
# base flange
if ($layer_id == 0) {
$filler = $fillers{interface};
$filler->angle($self->config->support_material_angle + 90);
$density = 0.5;
$flow_spacing = $self->print->first_layer_support_material_flow->spacing;
} else {
# draw a perimeter all around support infill
# TODO: use brim ordering algorithm
push @paths, map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
polyline => $_->split_at_first_point,
role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL,
height => undef,
flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
), map @$_, @$to_infill;
# TODO: use offset2_ex()
$to_infill = offset_ex([ map @$_, @$to_infill ], -$flow->scaled_spacing);
}
foreach my $expolygon (@$to_infill) {
my @p = $filler->fill_surface(
Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $expolygon, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
density => $density,
flow_spacing => $flow_spacing,
complete => 1,
);
my $params = shift @p;
push @paths, map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
polyline => Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_),
role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL,
height => undef,
flow_spacing => $params->{flow_spacing},
), @p;
}
push @{$result->{support}}, @paths;
}
if (0) {
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
Slic3r::SVG::output("islands_" . $support_layers[$layer_id] . ".svg",
red_expolygons => union_ex($contact{$support_layers[$layer_id]} || []),
green_expolygons => union_ex($interface{$layer_id} || []),
red_polylines => [ map $_->unpack->polyline, @{$result->{contact}} ],
green_polylines => [ map $_->unpack->polyline, @{$result->{interface}} ],
polylines => [ map $_->unpack->polyline, @{$result->{support}} ],
);
}
return $result;
};
my $apply = sub {
my ($layer_id, $result) = @_;
my $layer = $self->support_layers->[$layer_id];
my $interface_collection = Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new(@{$result->{contact}}, @{$result->{interface}});
$layer->support_interface_fills($interface_collection) if @$interface_collection > 0;
my $support_collection = Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new(@{$result->{support}});
$layer->support_fills($support_collection) if @$support_collection > 0;
# TODO: use a Slic3r::ExPolygon::Collection
$layer->support_islands($result->{islands});
};
Slic3r::parallelize(
items => [ 0 .. $#{$self->support_layers} ],
thread_cb => sub {
my $q = shift;
my $result = {};
while (defined (my $layer_id = $q->dequeue)) {
$result->{$layer_id} = $process_layer->($layer_id);
}
return $result;
},
collect_cb => sub {
my $result = shift;
$apply->($_, $result->{$_}) for keys %$result;
},
no_threads_cb => sub {
$apply->($_, $process_layer->($_)) for 0 .. $#{$self->support_layers};
},
);
}
sub _compute_support_layers {
my ($contact_z, $top_z, $config, $flow) = @_;
# quick table to check whether a given Z is a top surface
my %top = map { $_ => 1 } @$top_z;
# determine layer height for any non-contact layer
# we use max() to prevent many ultra-thin layers to be inserted in case
# layer_height > nozzle_diameter * 0.75
my $support_material_height = max($config->layer_height, $flow->nozzle_diameter * 0.75);
my @support_layers = sort { $a <=> $b } @$contact_z, @$top_z,
(map { $_ + $flow->nozzle_diameter } @$top_z);
# enforce first layer height
my $first_layer_height = $config->get_value('first_layer_height');
shift @support_layers while @support_layers && $support_layers[0] <= $first_layer_height;
unshift @support_layers, $first_layer_height;
for (my $i = $#support_layers; $i >= 0; $i--) {
my $target_height = $support_material_height;
if ($i > 0 && $top{ $support_layers[$i-1] }) {
$target_height = $flow->nozzle_diameter;
}
# enforce first layer height
if (($i == 0 && $support_layers[$i] > $target_height + $first_layer_height)
|| ($support_layers[$i] - $support_layers[$i-1] > $target_height + Slic3r::Geometry::epsilon)) {
splice @support_layers, $i, 0, ($support_layers[$i] - $target_height);
$i++;
}
}
# remove duplicates and make sure all 0.x values have the leading 0
{
my %sl = map { 1 * $_ => 1 } @support_layers;
@support_layers = sort { $a <=> $b } keys %sl;
}
return @support_layers;
}
1;