package Slic3r::GCode; use Moo; use List::Util qw(min max first); use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath ':roles'; use Slic3r::Geometry qw(scale unscale scaled_epsilon points_coincide PI X Y B); use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(union_ex); has 'multiple_extruders' => (is => 'ro', default => sub {0} ); has 'layer_count' => (is => 'ro', required => 1 ); has 'layer' => (is => 'rw'); has 'move_z_callback' => (is => 'rw'); has 'shift_x' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {0} ); has 'shift_y' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {0} ); has 'z' => (is => 'rw'); has 'speed' => (is => 'rw'); has 'external_mp' => (is => 'rw'); has 'layer_mp' => (is => 'rw'); has 'new_object' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {0}); has 'straight_once' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {1}); has 'extruder' => (is => 'rw'); has 'extrusion_distance' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {0} ); has 'elapsed_time' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {0} ); # seconds has 'total_extrusion_length' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {0} ); has 'lifted' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {0} ); has 'last_pos' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::Point->new(0,0) } ); has 'last_speed' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {""}); has 'last_f' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {""}); has 'last_fan_speed' => (is => 'rw', default => sub {0}); has 'dec' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { 3 } ); # used for vibration limit: has 'last_dir' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [0,0] }); has 'dir_time' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [0,0] }); # calculate speeds (mm/min) has 'speeds' => ( is => 'ro', default => sub {+{ map { $_ => 60 * $Slic3r::Config->get_value("${_}_speed") } qw(travel perimeter small_perimeter external_perimeter infill solid_infill top_solid_infill support_material bridge gap_fill retract), }}, ); # assign speeds to roles my %role_speeds = ( &EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER => 'perimeter', &EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER => 'external_perimeter', &EXTR_ROLE_CONTOUR_INTERNAL_PERIMETER => 'perimeter', &EXTR_ROLE_FILL => 'infill', &EXTR_ROLE_SOLIDFILL => 'solid_infill', &EXTR_ROLE_TOPSOLIDFILL => 'top_solid_infill', &EXTR_ROLE_BRIDGE => 'bridge', &EXTR_ROLE_SKIRT => 'perimeter', &EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL => 'support_material', &EXTR_ROLE_GAPFILL => 'gap_fill', ); sub set_shift { my $self = shift; my @shift = @_; # if shift increases (goes towards right), last_pos decreases because it goes towards left $self->last_pos->translate( scale ($self->shift_x - $shift[X]), scale ($self->shift_y - $shift[Y]), ); $self->shift_x($shift[X]); $self->shift_y($shift[Y]); } sub change_layer { my $self = shift; my ($layer) = @_; $self->layer($layer); if ($Slic3r::Config->avoid_crossing_perimeters) { $self->layer_mp(Slic3r::GCode::MotionPlanner->new( islands => union_ex([ map @$_, @{$layer->slices} ], undef, 1), )); } my $gcode = ""; if ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor =~ /^(?:makerbot|sailfish)$/) { $gcode .= sprintf "M73 P%s%s\n", int(99 * ($layer->id / ($self->layer_count - 1))), ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_comments ? ' ; update progress' : ''); } return $gcode; } # this method accepts Z in scaled coordinates sub move_z { my $self = shift; my ($z, $comment) = @_; $z *= &Slic3r::SCALING_FACTOR; $z += $Slic3r::Config->z_offset; my $gcode = ""; my $current_z = $self->z; if (!defined $current_z || $current_z != ($z + $self->lifted)) { $gcode .= $self->retract(move_z => $z) if $self->extruder->retract_layer_change; $self->speed('travel'); $gcode .= $self->G0(undef, $z, 0, $comment || ('move to next layer (' . $self->layer->id . ')')) unless ($current_z // -1) != ($self->z // -1); $gcode .= $self->move_z_callback->() if defined $self->move_z_callback; } return $gcode; } sub extrude { my $self = shift; ($_[0]->isa('Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop') || $_[0]->isa('Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop::Packed')) ? $self->extrude_loop(@_) : $self->extrude_path(@_); } sub extrude_loop { my $self = shift; my ($loop, $description) = @_; # extrude all loops ccw $loop = $loop->unpack if $loop->isa('Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop::Packed'); my $was_clockwise = $loop->polygon->make_counter_clockwise; # find the point of the loop that is closest to the current extruder position # or randomize if requested my $last_pos = $self->last_pos; if ($Slic3r::Config->randomize_start && $loop->role == EXTR_ROLE_CONTOUR_INTERNAL_PERIMETER) { $last_pos = Slic3r::Point->new(scale $Slic3r::Config->print_center->[X], scale $Slic3r::Config->bed_size->[Y]); $last_pos->rotate(rand(2*PI), $Slic3r::Config->print_center); } my $start_index = $loop->nearest_point_index_to($last_pos); # split the loop at the starting point and make a path my $extrusion_path = $loop->split_at_index($start_index); # clip the path to avoid the extruder to get exactly on the first point of the loop; # if polyline was shorter than the clipping distance we'd get a null polyline, so # we discard it in that case $extrusion_path->clip_end(scale $extrusion_path->flow_spacing * &Slic3r::LOOP_CLIPPING_LENGTH_OVER_SPACING); return '' if !@{$extrusion_path->polyline}; # extrude along the path my $gcode = $self->extrude_path($extrusion_path, $description); # make a little move inwards before leaving loop if ($loop->role == EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER) { # detect angle between last and first segment # the side depends on the original winding order of the polygon (left for contours, right for holes) my @points = $was_clockwise ? (-2, 1) : (1, -2); my $angle = Slic3r::Geometry::angle3points(@{$extrusion_path->polyline}[0, @points]) / 3; $angle *= -1 if $was_clockwise; # create the destination point along the first segment and rotate it # we make sure we don't exceed the segment length because we don't know # the rotation of the second segment so we might cross the object boundary my $first_segment = Slic3r::Line->new(@{$extrusion_path->polyline}[0,1]); my $distance = min(scale $extrusion_path->flow_spacing, $first_segment->length); my $point = Slic3r::Geometry::point_along_segment(@$first_segment, $distance); bless $point, 'Slic3r::Point'; $point->rotate($angle, $extrusion_path->polyline->[0]); # generate the travel move $gcode .= $self->travel_to($point, $loop->role, "move inwards before travel"); } return $gcode; } sub extrude_path { my $self = shift; my ($path, $description, $recursive) = @_; $path = $path->unpack if $path->isa('Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Packed'); $path->simplify(&Slic3r::SCALED_RESOLUTION); # detect arcs if ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_arcs && !$recursive) { my $gcode = ""; foreach my $arc_path ($path->detect_arcs) { $gcode .= $self->extrude_path($arc_path, $description, 1); } return $gcode; } # go to first point of extrusion path my $gcode = ""; $gcode .= $self->travel_to($path->points->[0], $path->role, "move to first $description point"); # compensate retraction $gcode .= $self->unretract; # adjust acceleration my $acceleration; if ($Slic3r::Config->perimeter_acceleration && $path->is_perimeter) { $acceleration = $Slic3r::Config->perimeter_acceleration; } elsif ($Slic3r::Config->infill_acceleration && $path->is_fill) { $acceleration = $Slic3r::Config->infill_acceleration; } elsif ($Slic3r::Config->infill_acceleration && $path->role == EXTR_ROLE_BRIDGE) { $acceleration = $Slic3r::Config->bridge_acceleration; } $gcode .= $self->set_acceleration($acceleration) if $acceleration; my $area; # mm^3 of extrudate per mm of tool movement if ($path->role == EXTR_ROLE_BRIDGE) { my $s = $path->flow_spacing; $area = ($s**2) * PI/4; } else { my $s = $path->flow_spacing; my $h = $path->height // $self->layer->height; $area = $self->extruder->mm3_per_mm($s, $h); } # calculate extrusion length per distance unit my $e = $self->extruder->e_per_mm3 * $area; # set speed $self->speed( $role_speeds{$path->role} || die "Unknown role: " . $path->role ); if ($path->role == EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER || $path->role == EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER || $path->role == EXTR_ROLE_CONTOUR_INTERNAL_PERIMETER) { if (abs($path->length) <= &Slic3r::SMALL_PERIMETER_LENGTH) { $self->speed('small_perimeter'); } } # extrude arc or line my $path_length = 0; if ($path->isa('Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Arc')) { $path_length = unscale $path->length; $gcode .= $self->G2_G3($path->points->[-1], $path->orientation, $path->center, $e * unscale $path_length, $description); } else { foreach my $line ($path->lines) { my $line_length = unscale $line->length; $path_length += $line_length; $gcode .= $self->G1($line->[B], undef, $e * $line_length, $description); } } if ($Slic3r::Config->cooling) { my $path_time = $path_length / $self->speeds->{$self->last_speed} * 60; if ($self->layer->id == 0) { $path_time = $Slic3r::Config->first_layer_speed =~ /^(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%$/ ? $path_time / ($1/100) : $path_length / $Slic3r::Config->first_layer_speed * 60; } $self->elapsed_time($self->elapsed_time + $path_time); } # reset acceleration $gcode .= $self->set_acceleration($Slic3r::Config->default_acceleration) if $acceleration && $Slic3r::Config->default_acceleration; return $gcode; } sub travel_to { my $self = shift; my ($point, $role, $comment) = @_; my $gcode = ""; my $travel = Slic3r::Line->new($self->last_pos->clone, $point->clone); # move travel back to original layer coordinates for the island check. # note that we're only considering the current object's islands, while we should # build a more complete configuration space $travel->translate(-$self->shift_x, -$self->shift_y); if ($travel->length < scale $self->extruder->retract_before_travel || ($Slic3r::Config->only_retract_when_crossing_perimeters && first { $_->encloses_line($travel, scaled_epsilon) } @{$self->layer->slices}) || ($role == EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL && $self->layer->support_islands_enclose_line($travel)) ) { $self->straight_once(0); $self->speed('travel'); $gcode .= $self->G0($point, undef, 0, $comment || ""); } elsif (!$Slic3r::Config->avoid_crossing_perimeters || $self->straight_once) { $self->straight_once(0); $gcode .= $self->retract(travel_to => $point); $self->speed('travel'); $gcode .= $self->G0($point, undef, 0, $comment || ""); } else { my $plan = sub { my $mp = shift; my $gcode = ""; my @travel = $mp->shortest_path($self->last_pos, $point)->lines; # if the path is not contained in a single island we need to retract my $need_retract = !$Slic3r::Config->only_retract_when_crossing_perimeters; if (!$need_retract) { $need_retract = 1; foreach my $slice (@{$self->layer->slices}) { # discard the island if at any line is not enclosed in it next if first { !$slice->encloses_line($_, scaled_epsilon) } @travel; # okay, this island encloses the full travel path $need_retract = 0; last; } } # do the retract (the travel_to argument is broken) $gcode .= $self->retract(travel_to => $point) if $need_retract; # append the actual path and return $self->speed('travel'); $gcode .= join '', map $self->G0($_->[B], undef, 0, $comment || ""), @travel; return $gcode; }; if ($self->new_object) { $self->new_object(0); # represent $point in G-code coordinates $point = $point->clone; my @shift = ($self->shift_x, $self->shift_y); $point->translate(map scale $_, @shift); # calculate path (external_mp uses G-code coordinates so we temporary need a null shift) $self->set_shift(0,0); $gcode .= $plan->($self->external_mp); $self->set_shift(@shift); } else { $gcode .= $plan->($self->layer_mp); } } return $gcode; } sub retract { my $self = shift; my %params = @_; # get the retraction length and abort if none my ($length, $restart_extra, $comment) = $params{toolchange} ? ($self->extruder->retract_length_toolchange, $self->extruder->retract_restart_extra_toolchange, "retract for tool change") : ($self->extruder->retract_length, $self->extruder->retract_restart_extra, "retract"); # if we already retracted, reduce the required amount of retraction $length -= $self->extruder->retracted; return "" unless $length > 0; # prepare moves $self->speed('retract'); my $retract = [undef, undef, -$length, $comment]; my $lift = ($self->extruder->retract_lift == 0 || defined $params{move_z}) && !$self->lifted ? undef : [undef, $self->z + $self->extruder->retract_lift, 0, 'lift plate during travel']; my $gcode = ""; if (($Slic3r::Config->g0 || $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'mach3') && $params{travel_to}) { if ($lift) { # combine lift and retract $lift->[2] = $retract->[2]; $gcode .= $self->G0(@$lift); } else { # combine travel and retract my $travel = [$params{travel_to}, undef, $retract->[2], "travel and $comment"]; $gcode .= $self->G0(@$travel); } } elsif (($Slic3r::Config->g0 || $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'mach3') && defined $params{move_z}) { # combine Z change and retraction my $travel = [undef, $params{move_z}, $retract->[2], "change layer and $comment"]; $gcode .= $self->G0(@$travel); } else { $gcode .= $self->G1(@$retract); if (!$self->lifted) { if (defined $params{move_z} && $self->extruder->retract_lift > 0) { my $travel = [undef, $params{move_z} + $self->extruder->retract_lift, 0, 'move to next layer (' . $self->layer->id . ') and lift']; $gcode .= $self->G0(@$travel); $self->lifted($self->extruder->retract_lift); } elsif ($lift) { $gcode .= $self->G1(@$lift); } } } $self->extruder->retracted($self->extruder->retracted + $length); $self->extruder->restart_extra($restart_extra); $self->lifted($self->extruder->retract_lift) if $lift; # reset extrusion distance during retracts # this makes sure we leave sufficient precision in the firmware $gcode .= $self->reset_e if $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor !~ /^(?:mach3|makerbot)$/; return $gcode; } sub unretract { my $self = shift; my $gcode = ""; if ($self->lifted) { $self->speed('travel'); $gcode .= $self->G0(undef, $self->z - $self->lifted, 0, 'restore layer Z'); $self->lifted(0); } my $to_unretract = $self->extruder->retracted + $self->extruder->restart_extra; if ($to_unretract) { $self->speed('retract'); $gcode .= $self->G0(undef, undef, $to_unretract, "compensate retraction"); $self->extruder->retracted(0); $self->extruder->restart_extra(0); } return $gcode; } sub reset_e { my $self = shift; $self->extrusion_distance(0); return sprintf "G92 %s0%s\n", $Slic3r::Config->extrusion_axis, ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_comments ? ' ; reset extrusion distance' : '') if $Slic3r::Config->extrusion_axis && !$Slic3r::Config->use_relative_e_distances; } sub set_acceleration { my $self = shift; my ($acceleration) = @_; return "" if !$acceleration; return sprintf "M204 S%s%s\n", $acceleration, ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_comments ? ' ; adjust acceleration' : ''); } sub G0 { my $self = shift; return $self->G1(@_) if !($Slic3r::Config->g0 || $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'mach3'); return $self->_G0_G1("G0", @_); } sub G1 { my $self = shift; return $self->_G0_G1("G1", @_); } sub _G0_G1 { my $self = shift; my ($gcode, $point, $z, $e, $comment) = @_; my $dec = $self->dec; if ($point) { $gcode .= sprintf " X%.${dec}f Y%.${dec}f", ($point->x * &Slic3r::SCALING_FACTOR) + $self->shift_x - $self->extruder->extruder_offset->[X], ($point->y * &Slic3r::SCALING_FACTOR) + $self->shift_y - $self->extruder->extruder_offset->[Y]; #** $gcode = $self->_limit_frequency($point) . $gcode; $self->last_pos($point->clone); } if (defined $z && (!defined $self->z || $z != $self->z)) { $self->z($z); $gcode .= sprintf " Z%.${dec}f", $z; } return $self->_Gx($gcode, $e, $comment); } sub G2_G3 { my $self = shift; my ($point, $orientation, $center, $e, $comment) = @_; my $dec = $self->dec; my $gcode = $orientation eq 'cw' ? "G2" : "G3"; $gcode .= sprintf " X%.${dec}f Y%.${dec}f", ($point->x * &Slic3r::SCALING_FACTOR) + $self->shift_x - $self->extruder->extruder_offset->[X], ($point->y * &Slic3r::SCALING_FACTOR) + $self->shift_y - $self->extruder->extruder_offset->[Y]; #** # XY distance of the center from the start position $gcode .= sprintf " I%.${dec}f J%.${dec}f", ($center->[X] - $self->last_pos->[X]) * &Slic3r::SCALING_FACTOR, ($center->[Y] - $self->last_pos->[Y]) * &Slic3r::SCALING_FACTOR; $self->last_pos($point); return $self->_Gx($gcode, $e, $comment); } sub _Gx { my $self = shift; my ($gcode, $e, $comment) = @_; my $dec = $self->dec; # output speed if it's different from last one used # (goal: reduce gcode size) my $append_bridge_off = 0; my $F; if ($self->speed ne $self->last_speed) { if ($self->speed eq 'bridge') { $gcode = ";_BRIDGE_FAN_START\n$gcode"; } elsif ($self->last_speed eq 'bridge') { $append_bridge_off = 1; } # apply the speed reduction for print moves on bottom layer $F = $self->speed eq 'retract' ? ($self->extruder->retract_speed_mm_min) : $self->speeds->{$self->speed} // $self->speed; if ($e && $self->layer && $self->layer->id == 0 && $comment !~ /retract/) { $F = $Slic3r::Config->first_layer_speed =~ /^(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)%$/ ? ($F * $1/100) : $Slic3r::Config->first_layer_speed * 60; } $self->last_speed($self->speed); $self->last_f($F); } $gcode .= sprintf " F%.${dec}f", $F if defined $F; # output extrusion distance if ($e && $Slic3r::Config->extrusion_axis) { $self->extrusion_distance(0) if $Slic3r::Config->use_relative_e_distances; $self->extrusion_distance($self->extrusion_distance + $e); $self->total_extrusion_length($self->total_extrusion_length + $e); $gcode .= sprintf " %s%.5f", $Slic3r::Config->extrusion_axis, $self->extrusion_distance; } $gcode .= sprintf " ; %s", $comment if $comment && $Slic3r::Config->gcode_comments; if ($append_bridge_off) { $gcode .= "\n;_BRIDGE_FAN_END"; } return "$gcode\n"; } sub set_extruder { my $self = shift; my ($extruder) = @_; # return nothing if this extruder was already selected return "" if (defined $self->extruder) && ($self->extruder->id == $extruder->id); # if we are running a single-extruder setup, just set the extruder and return nothing if (!$self->multiple_extruders) { $self->extruder($extruder); return ""; } # trigger retraction on the current extruder (if any) my $gcode = ""; $gcode .= $self->retract(toolchange => 1) if defined $self->extruder; # append custom toolchange G-code if (defined $self->extruder && $Slic3r::Config->toolchange_gcode) { $gcode .= sprintf "%s\n", $Slic3r::Config->replace_options($Slic3r::Config->toolchange_gcode, { previous_extruder => $self->extruder->id, next_extruder => $extruder->id, }); } # set the new extruder $self->extruder($extruder); my $toolchange_gcode = sprintf "%s%d%s\n", ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor =~ /^(?:makerbot|sailfish)$/ ? 'M108 T' : 'T'), $extruder->id, ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_comments ? ' ; change extruder' : ''); if ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor =~ /^(?:makerbot|sailfish)$/) { $gcode .= $self->reset_e; $gcode .= $toolchange_gcode; } else { $gcode .= $toolchange_gcode; $gcode .= $self->reset_e; } return $gcode; } sub set_fan { my $self = shift; my ($speed, $dont_save) = @_; if ($self->last_fan_speed != $speed || $dont_save) { $self->last_fan_speed($speed) if !$dont_save; if ($speed == 0) { my $code = $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'teacup' ? 'M106 S0' : $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor =~ /^(?:makerbot|sailfish)$/ ? 'M127' : 'M107'; return sprintf "$code%s\n", ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_comments ? ' ; disable fan' : ''); } else { if ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor =~ /^(?:makerbot|sailfish)$/) { return sprintf "M126%s\n", ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_comments ? ' ; enable fan' : ''); } else { return sprintf "M106 %s%d%s\n", ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'mach3' ? 'P' : 'S'), (255 * $speed / 100), ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_comments ? ' ; enable fan' : ''); } } } return ""; } sub set_temperature { my $self = shift; my ($temperature, $wait, $tool) = @_; return "" if $wait && $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor =~ /^(?:makerbot|sailfish)$/; my ($code, $comment) = ($wait && $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor ne 'teacup') ? ('M109', 'wait for temperature to be reached') : ('M104', 'set temperature'); my $gcode = sprintf "$code %s%d %s; $comment\n", ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'mach3' ? 'P' : 'S'), $temperature, (defined $tool && ($self->multiple_extruders || $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor =~ /^(?:makerbot|sailfish)$/)) ? "T$tool " : ""; $gcode .= "M116 ; wait for temperature to be reached\n" if $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'teacup' && $wait; return $gcode; } sub set_bed_temperature { my $self = shift; my ($temperature, $wait) = @_; my ($code, $comment) = ($wait && $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor ne 'teacup') ? (($Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor =~ /^(?:makerbot|sailfish)$/ ? 'M109' : 'M190'), 'wait for bed temperature to be reached') : ('M140', 'set bed temperature'); my $gcode = sprintf "$code %s%d ; $comment\n", ($Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'mach3' ? 'P' : 'S'), $temperature; $gcode .= "M116 ; wait for bed temperature to be reached\n" if $Slic3r::Config->gcode_flavor eq 'teacup' && $wait; return $gcode; } # http://hydraraptor.blogspot.it/2010/12/frequency-limit.html sub _limit_frequency { my $self = shift; my ($point) = @_; return '' if $Slic3r::Config->vibration_limit == 0; my $min_time = 1 / ($Slic3r::Config->vibration_limit * 60); # in minutes # calculate the move vector and move direction my $vector = Slic3r::Line->new($self->last_pos, $point)->vector; my @dir = map { $vector->[B][$_] <=> 0 } X,Y; my $time = (unscale $vector->length) / $self->speeds->{$self->speed}; # in minutes if ($time > 0) { my @pause = (); foreach my $axis (X,Y) { if ($dir[$axis] != 0 && $self->last_dir->[$axis] != $dir[$axis]) { if ($self->last_dir->[$axis] != 0) { # this axis is changing direction: check whether we need to pause if ($self->dir_time->[$axis] < $min_time) { push @pause, ($min_time - $self->dir_time->[$axis]); } } $self->last_dir->[$axis] = $dir[$axis]; $self->dir_time->[$axis] = 0; } $self->dir_time->[$axis] += $time; } if (@pause) { return sprintf "G4 P%d\n", max(@pause) * 60 * 1000; } } return ''; } 1;