package Slic3r::Print::GCode; use Moo; has 'print' => (is => 'ro', required => 1, handles => [qw(objects placeholder_parser config)]); has 'fh' => (is => 'ro', required => 1); has '_gcodegen' => (is => 'rw'); has '_cooling_buffer' => (is => 'rw'); has '_spiral_vase' => (is => 'rw'); has '_vibration_limit' => (is => 'rw'); has '_arc_fitting' => (is => 'rw'); has '_pressure_regulator' => (is => 'rw'); has '_skirt_done' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { {} }); # print_z => 1 has '_brim_done' => (is => 'rw'); has '_second_layer_things_done' => (is => 'rw'); has '_last_obj_copy' => (is => 'rw'); use List::Util qw(first sum); use Slic3r::Flow ':roles'; use Slic3r::Geometry qw(X Y scale unscale chained_path convex_hull); use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(JT_SQUARE union_ex offset); sub BUILD { my ($self) = @_; { # estimate the total number of layer changes # TODO: only do this when M73 is enabled my $layer_count; if ($self->config->complete_objects) { $layer_count = sum(map { $_->total_layer_count * @{$_->copies} } @{$self->objects}); } else { # if sequential printing is not enable, all copies of the same object share the same layer change command(s) $layer_count = sum(map { $_->total_layer_count } @{$self->objects}); } # set up our helper object my $gcodegen = Slic3r::GCode->new( placeholder_parser => $self->placeholder_parser, layer_count => $layer_count, enable_cooling_markers => 1, ); $gcodegen->apply_print_config($self->config); $gcodegen->set_extruders($self->print->extruders); $self->_gcodegen($gcodegen); } $self->_cooling_buffer(Slic3r::GCode::CoolingBuffer->new( config => $self->config, gcodegen => $self->_gcodegen, )); $self->_spiral_vase(Slic3r::GCode::SpiralVase->new(config => $self->config)) if $self->config->spiral_vase; $self->_vibration_limit(Slic3r::GCode::VibrationLimit->new(config => $self->config)) if $self->config->vibration_limit != 0; $self->_arc_fitting(Slic3r::GCode::ArcFitting->new(config => $self->config)) if $self->config->gcode_arcs; $self->_pressure_regulator(Slic3r::GCode::PressureRegulator->new(config => $self->config)) if $self->config->pressure_advance > 0; } sub export { my ($self) = @_; my $fh = $self->fh; my $gcodegen = $self->_gcodegen; # write some information my @lt = localtime; printf $fh "; generated by Slic3r $Slic3r::VERSION on %04d-%02d-%02d at %02d:%02d:%02d\n\n", $lt[5] + 1900, $lt[4]+1, $lt[3], $lt[2], $lt[1], $lt[0]; print $fh "; $_\n" foreach split /\R/, $self->config->notes; print $fh "\n" if $self->config->notes; my $first_object = $self->objects->[0]; my $layer_height = $first_object->config->layer_height; for my $region_id (0..$#{$self->print->regions}) { my $region = $self->print->regions->[$region_id]; printf $fh "; external perimeters extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", $region->flow(FLOW_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER, $layer_height, 0, 0, -1, $first_object)->width; printf $fh "; perimeters extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", $region->flow(FLOW_ROLE_PERIMETER, $layer_height, 0, 0, -1, $first_object)->width; printf $fh "; infill extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", $region->flow(FLOW_ROLE_INFILL, $layer_height, 0, 0, -1, $first_object)->width; printf $fh "; solid infill extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", $region->flow(FLOW_ROLE_SOLID_INFILL, $layer_height, 0, 0, -1, $first_object)->width; printf $fh "; top infill extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", $region->flow(FLOW_ROLE_TOP_SOLID_INFILL, $layer_height, 0, 0, -1, $first_object)->width; printf $fh "; support material extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", $self->objects->[0]->support_material_flow->width if $self->print->has_support_material; printf $fh "; first layer extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", $region->flow(FLOW_ROLE_PERIMETER, $layer_height, 0, 1, -1, $self->objects->[0])->width if $region->config->first_layer_extrusion_width; print $fh "\n"; } # prepare the helper object for replacing placeholders in custom G-code and output filename $self->placeholder_parser->update_timestamp; print $fh $gcodegen->writer->set_fan(0, 1) if $self->config->cooling && $self->config->disable_fan_first_layers; # set bed temperature if ((my $temp = $self->config->first_layer_bed_temperature) && $self->config->start_gcode !~ /M(?:190|140)/i) { printf $fh $gcodegen->writer->set_bed_temperature($temp, 1); } # set extruder(s) temperature before and after start G-code $self->_print_first_layer_temperature(0); printf $fh "%s\n", $gcodegen->placeholder_parser->process($self->config->start_gcode); $self->_print_first_layer_temperature(1); # set other general things print $fh $gcodegen->preamble; # initialize a motion planner for object-to-object travel moves if ($self->config->avoid_crossing_perimeters) { my $distance_from_objects = scale 1; # compute the offsetted convex hull for each object and repeat it for each copy. my @islands_p = (); foreach my $object (@{$self->objects}) { # compute the convex hull of the entire object my $convex_hull = convex_hull([ map @{$_->contour}, map @{$_->slices}, @{$object->layers}, ]); # discard objects only containing thin walls (offset would fail on an empty polygon) next if !@$convex_hull; # grow convex hull by the wanted clearance my @obj_islands_p = @{offset([$convex_hull], $distance_from_objects, 1, JT_SQUARE)}; # translate convex hull for each object copy and append it to the islands array foreach my $copy (@{ $object->_shifted_copies }) { my @copy_islands_p = map $_->clone, @obj_islands_p; $_->translate(@$copy) for @copy_islands_p; push @islands_p, @copy_islands_p; } } $gcodegen->avoid_crossing_perimeters->init_external_mp(union_ex(\@islands_p)); } # calculate wiping points if needed if ($self->config->ooze_prevention) { my @skirt_points = map @$_, map @$_, @{$self->print->skirt}; if (@skirt_points) { my $outer_skirt = convex_hull(\@skirt_points); my @skirts = (); foreach my $extruder_id (@{$self->print->extruders}) { my $extruder_offset = $self->config->get_at('extruder_offset', $extruder_id); push @skirts, my $s = $outer_skirt->clone; $s->translate(-scale($extruder_offset->x), -scale($extruder_offset->y)); #) } my $convex_hull = convex_hull([ map @$_, @skirts ]); $gcodegen->ooze_prevention->enable(1); $gcodegen->ooze_prevention->standby_points( [ map @{$_->equally_spaced_points(scale 10)}, @{offset([$convex_hull], scale 3)} ] ); if (0) { require "Slic3r/SVG.pm"; Slic3r::SVG::output( "ooze_prevention.svg", red_polygons => \@skirts, polygons => [$outer_skirt], points => $gcodegen->ooze_prevention->standby_points, ); } } } # set initial extruder only after custom start G-code print $fh $gcodegen->set_extruder($self->print->extruders->[0]); # do all objects for each layer if ($self->config->complete_objects) { # print objects from the smallest to the tallest to avoid collisions # when moving onto next object starting point my @obj_idx = sort { $self->objects->[$a]->size->z <=> $self->objects->[$b]->size->z } 0..($self->print->object_count - 1); my $finished_objects = 0; for my $obj_idx (@obj_idx) { my $object = $self->objects->[$obj_idx]; for my $copy (@{ $self->objects->[$obj_idx]->_shifted_copies }) { # move to the origin position for the copy we're going to print. # this happens before Z goes down to layer 0 again, so that # no collision happens hopefully. if ($finished_objects > 0) { $gcodegen->set_origin(Slic3r::Pointf->new(map unscale $copy->[$_], X,Y)); $gcodegen->enable_cooling_markers(0); # we're not filtering these moves through CoolingBuffer print $fh $gcodegen->retract; print $fh $gcodegen->travel_to( Slic3r::Point->new(0,0), undef, 'move to origin position for next object', ); $gcodegen->enable_cooling_markers(1); } my @layers = sort { $a->print_z <=> $b->print_z } @{$object->layers}, @{$object->support_layers}; for my $layer (@layers) { # if we are printing the bottom layer of an object, and we have already finished # another one, set first layer temperatures. this happens before the Z move # is triggered, so machine has more time to reach such temperatures if ($layer->id == 0 && $finished_objects > 0) { printf $fh $gcodegen->writer->set_bed_temperature($self->config->first_layer_bed_temperature), if $self->config->first_layer_bed_temperature; $self->_print_first_layer_temperature(0); } $self->process_layer($layer, [$copy]); } $self->flush_filters; $finished_objects++; $self->_second_layer_things_done(0); } } } else { # order objects using a nearest neighbor search my @obj_idx = @{chained_path([ map Slic3r::Point->new(@{$_->_shifted_copies->[0]}), @{$self->objects} ])}; # sort layers by Z my %layers = (); # print_z => [ [layers], [layers], [layers] ] by obj_idx foreach my $obj_idx (0 .. ($self->print->object_count - 1)) { my $object = $self->objects->[$obj_idx]; foreach my $layer (@{$object->layers}, @{$object->support_layers}) { $layers{ $layer->print_z } ||= []; $layers{ $layer->print_z }[$obj_idx] ||= []; push @{$layers{ $layer->print_z }[$obj_idx]}, $layer; } } foreach my $print_z (sort { $a <=> $b } keys %layers) { foreach my $obj_idx (@obj_idx) { foreach my $layer (@{ $layers{$print_z}[$obj_idx] // [] }) { $self->process_layer($layer, $layer->object->_shifted_copies); } } } $self->flush_filters; } # write end commands to file print $fh $gcodegen->retract; # TODO: process this retract through PressureRegulator in order to discharge fully print $fh $gcodegen->writer->set_fan(0); printf $fh "%s\n", $gcodegen->placeholder_parser->process($self->config->end_gcode); print $fh $gcodegen->writer->update_progress($gcodegen->layer_count, $gcodegen->layer_count, 1); # 100% print $fh $gcodegen->writer->postamble; $self->print->total_used_filament(0); $self->print->total_extruded_volume(0); foreach my $extruder (@{$gcodegen->writer->extruders}) { my $used_filament = $extruder->used_filament; my $extruded_volume = $extruder->extruded_volume; printf $fh "; filament used = %.1fmm (%.1fcm3)\n", $used_filament, $extruded_volume/1000; $self->print->total_used_filament($self->print->total_used_filament + $used_filament); $self->print->total_extruded_volume($self->print->total_extruded_volume + $extruded_volume); } # append full config print $fh "\n"; foreach my $config ($self->print->config, $self->print->default_object_config, $self->print->default_region_config) { foreach my $opt_key (sort @{$config->get_keys}) { next if $Slic3r::Config::Options->{$opt_key}{shortcut}; printf $fh "; %s = %s\n", $opt_key, $config->serialize($opt_key); } } } sub _print_first_layer_temperature { my ($self, $wait) = @_; return if $self->config->start_gcode =~ /M(?:109|104)/i; for my $t (@{$self->print->extruders}) { my $temp = $self->config->get_at('first_layer_temperature', $t); $temp += $self->config->standby_temperature_delta if $self->config->ooze_prevention; printf {$self->fh} $self->_gcodegen->writer->set_temperature($temp, $wait, $t) if $temp > 0; } } sub process_layer { my $self = shift; my ($layer, $object_copies) = @_; my $gcode = ""; my $object = $layer->object; $self->_gcodegen->config->apply_object_config($object->config); # check whether we're going to apply spiralvase logic if (defined $self->_spiral_vase) { $self->_spiral_vase->enable( ($layer->id > 0 || $self->print->config->brim_width == 0) && ($layer->id >= $self->print->config->skirt_height && !$self->print->has_infinite_skirt) && !defined(first { $_->config->bottom_solid_layers > $layer->id } @{$layer->regions}) && !defined(first { @{$_->perimeters} > 1 } @{$layer->regions}) && !defined(first { @{$_->fills} > 0 } @{$layer->regions}) ); } # if we're going to apply spiralvase to this layer, disable loop clipping $self->_gcodegen->enable_loop_clipping(!defined $self->_spiral_vase || !$self->_spiral_vase->enable); if (!$self->_second_layer_things_done && $layer->id == 1) { for my $extruder (@{$self->_gcodegen->writer->extruders}) { my $temperature = $self->config->get_at('temperature', $extruder->id); $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->writer->set_temperature($temperature, 0, $extruder->id) if $temperature && $temperature != $self->config->get_at('first_layer_temperature', $extruder->id); } $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->writer->set_bed_temperature($self->print->config->bed_temperature) if $self->print->config->bed_temperature && $self->print->config->bed_temperature != $self->print->config->first_layer_bed_temperature; $self->_second_layer_things_done(1); } # set new layer - this will change Z and force a retraction if retract_layer_change is enabled $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->placeholder_parser->process($self->print->config->before_layer_gcode, { layer_num => $layer->id, layer_z => $layer->print_z, }) . "\n" if $self->print->config->before_layer_gcode; $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->change_layer($layer); $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->placeholder_parser->process($self->print->config->layer_gcode, { layer_num => $layer->id, layer_z => $layer->print_z, }) . "\n" if $self->print->config->layer_gcode; # extrude skirt if (((values %{$self->_skirt_done}) < $self->print->config->skirt_height || $self->print->has_infinite_skirt) && !$self->_skirt_done->{$layer->print_z} && !$layer->isa('Slic3r::Layer::Support')) { $self->_gcodegen->set_origin(Slic3r::Pointf->new(0,0)); $self->_gcodegen->avoid_crossing_perimeters->use_external_mp(1); my @extruder_ids = map { $_->id } @{$self->_gcodegen->writer->extruders}; $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->set_extruder($extruder_ids[0]); # skip skirt if we have a large brim if ($layer->id < $self->print->config->skirt_height || $self->print->has_infinite_skirt) { my $skirt_flow = $self->print->skirt_flow; # distribute skirt loops across all extruders my @skirt_loops = @{$self->print->skirt}; for my $i (0 .. $#skirt_loops) { # when printing layers > 0 ignore 'min_skirt_length' and # just use the 'skirts' setting; also just use the current extruder last if ($layer->id > 0) && ($i >= $self->print->config->skirts); my $extruder_id = $extruder_ids[($i/@extruder_ids) % @extruder_ids]; $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->set_extruder($extruder_id) if $layer->id == 0; # adjust flow according to this layer's layer height my $loop = $skirt_loops[$i]->clone; { my $layer_skirt_flow = $skirt_flow->clone; $layer_skirt_flow->set_height($layer->height); my $mm3_per_mm = $layer_skirt_flow->mm3_per_mm; foreach my $path (@$loop) { $path->height($layer->height); $path->mm3_per_mm($mm3_per_mm); } } $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->extrude_loop($loop, 'skirt', $object->config->support_material_speed); } } $self->_skirt_done->{$layer->print_z} = 1; $self->_gcodegen->avoid_crossing_perimeters->use_external_mp(0); # allow a straight travel move to the first object point if this is the first layer # (but don't in next layers) if ($layer->id == 0) { $self->_gcodegen->avoid_crossing_perimeters->disable_once(1); } } # extrude brim if (!$self->_brim_done) { $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->set_extruder($self->print->regions->[0]->config->perimeter_extruder-1); $self->_gcodegen->set_origin(Slic3r::Pointf->new(0,0)); $self->_gcodegen->avoid_crossing_perimeters->use_external_mp(1); $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->extrude_loop($_, 'brim', $object->config->support_material_speed) for @{$self->print->brim}; $self->_brim_done(1); $self->_gcodegen->avoid_crossing_perimeters->use_external_mp(0); # allow a straight travel move to the first object point $self->_gcodegen->avoid_crossing_perimeters->disable_once(1); } for my $copy (@$object_copies) { # when starting a new object, use the external motion planner for the first travel move $self->_gcodegen->avoid_crossing_perimeters->use_external_mp_once(1) if ($self->_last_obj_copy // '') ne "$copy"; $self->_last_obj_copy("$copy"); $self->_gcodegen->set_origin(Slic3r::Pointf->new(map unscale $copy->[$_], X,Y)); # extrude support material before other things because it might use a lower Z # and also because we avoid travelling on other things when printing it if ($layer->isa('Slic3r::Layer::Support')) { if ($layer->support_interface_fills->count > 0) { $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->set_extruder($object->config->support_material_interface_extruder-1); $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->extrude_path($_, 'support material interface', $object->config->get_abs_value('support_material_interface_speed')) for @{$layer->support_interface_fills->chained_path_from($self->_gcodegen->last_pos, 0)}; } if ($layer->support_fills->count > 0) { $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->set_extruder($object->config->support_material_extruder-1); $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->extrude_path($_, 'support material', $object->config->get_abs_value('support_material_speed')) for @{$layer->support_fills->chained_path_from($self->_gcodegen->last_pos, 0)}; } } # We now define a strategy for building perimeters and fills. The separation # between regions doesn't matter in terms of printing order, as we follow # another logic instead: # - we group all extrusions by extruder so that we minimize toolchanges # - we start from the last used extruder # - for each extruder, we group extrusions by island # - for each island, we extrude perimeters first, unless user set the infill_first # option # group extrusions by extruder and then by island my %by_extruder = (); # extruder_id => [ { perimeters => \@perimeters, infill => \@infill } ] foreach my $region_id (0..($self->print->region_count-1)) { my $layerm = $layer->regions->[$region_id] or next; my $region = $self->print->get_region($region_id); # process perimeters { my $extruder_id = $region->config->perimeter_extruder-1; foreach my $perimeter_coll (@{$layerm->perimeters}) { next if $perimeter_coll->empty; # this shouldn't happen but first_point() would fail # init by_extruder item only if we actually use the extruder $by_extruder{$extruder_id} //= []; # $perimeter_coll is an ExtrusionPath::Collection object representing a single slice for my $i (0 .. $#{$layer->slices}) { if ($i == $#{$layer->slices} || $layer->slices->[$i]->contour->contains_point($perimeter_coll->first_point)) { $by_extruder{$extruder_id}[$i] //= { perimeters => {} }; $by_extruder{$extruder_id}[$i]{perimeters}{$region_id} //= []; push @{ $by_extruder{$extruder_id}[$i]{perimeters}{$region_id} }, @$perimeter_coll; last; } } } } # process infill # $layerm->fills is a collection of ExtrusionPath::Collection objects, each one containing # the ExtrusionPath objects of a certain infill "group" (also called "surface" # throughout the code). We can redefine the order of such Collections but we have to # do each one completely at once. foreach my $fill (@{$layerm->fills}) { next if $fill->empty; # this shouldn't happen but first_point() would fail # init by_extruder item only if we actually use the extruder my $extruder_id = $fill->[0]->is_solid_infill ? $region->config->solid_infill_extruder-1 : $region->config->infill_extruder-1; $by_extruder{$extruder_id} //= []; # $fill is an ExtrusionPath::Collection object for my $i (0 .. $#{$layer->slices}) { if ($i == $#{$layer->slices} || $layer->slices->[$i]->contour->contains_point($fill->first_point)) { $by_extruder{$extruder_id}[$i] //= { infill => {} }; $by_extruder{$extruder_id}[$i]{infill}{$region_id} //= []; push @{ $by_extruder{$extruder_id}[$i]{infill}{$region_id} }, $fill; last; } } } } # tweak extruder ordering to save toolchanges my @extruders = sort keys %by_extruder; if (@extruders > 1) { my $last_extruder_id = $self->_gcodegen->writer->extruder->id; if (exists $by_extruder{$last_extruder_id}) { @extruders = ( $last_extruder_id, grep $_ != $last_extruder_id, @extruders, ); } } foreach my $extruder_id (@extruders) { $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->set_extruder($extruder_id); foreach my $island (@{ $by_extruder{$extruder_id} }) { if ($self->print->config->infill_first) { $gcode .= $self->_extrude_infill($island->{infill} // {}); $gcode .= $self->_extrude_perimeters($island->{perimeters} // {}); } else { $gcode .= $self->_extrude_perimeters($island->{perimeters} // {}); $gcode .= $self->_extrude_infill($island->{infill} // {}); } } } } # apply spiral vase post-processing if this layer contains suitable geometry # (we must feed all the G-code into the post-processor, including the first # bottom non-spiral layers otherwise it will mess with positions) # we apply spiral vase at this stage because it requires a full layer $gcode = $self->_spiral_vase->process_layer($gcode) if defined $self->_spiral_vase; # apply cooling logic; this may alter speeds $gcode = $self->_cooling_buffer->append( $gcode, $layer->object->ptr . ref($layer), # differentiate $obj_id between normal layers and support layers $layer->id, $layer->print_z, ) if defined $self->_cooling_buffer; print {$self->fh} $self->filter($gcode); } sub _extrude_perimeters { my ($self, $entities_by_region) = @_; my $gcode = ""; foreach my $region_id (sort keys %$entities_by_region) { $self->_gcodegen->config->apply_region_config($self->print->get_region($region_id)->config); $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->extrude($_, 'perimeter') for @{ $entities_by_region->{$region_id} }; } return $gcode; } sub _extrude_infill { my ($self, $entities_by_region) = @_; my $gcode = ""; foreach my $region_id (sort keys %$entities_by_region) { $self->_gcodegen->config->apply_region_config($self->print->get_region($region_id)->config); my $collection = Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new(@{ $entities_by_region->{$region_id} }); for my $fill (@{$collection->chained_path_from($self->_gcodegen->last_pos, 0)}) { if ($fill->isa('Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection')) { $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->extrude($_, 'infill') for @{$fill->chained_path_from($self->_gcodegen->last_pos, 0)}; } else { $gcode .= $self->_gcodegen->extrude($fill, 'infill') ; } } } return $gcode; } sub flush_filters { my ($self) = @_; print {$self->fh} $self->filter($self->_cooling_buffer->flush, 1); } sub filter { my ($self, $gcode, $flush) = @_; # apply vibration limit if enabled; # this injects pauses according to time (thus depends on actual speeds) $gcode = $self->_vibration_limit->process($gcode) if defined $self->_vibration_limit; # apply pressure regulation if enabled; # this depends on actual speeds $gcode = $self->_pressure_regulator->process($gcode, $flush) if defined $self->_pressure_regulator; # apply arc fitting if enabled; # this does not depend on speeds but changes G1 XY commands into G2/G2 IJ $gcode = $self->_arc_fitting->process($gcode) if defined $self->_arc_fitting; return $gcode; } 1;