624 lines
23 KiB
Perl
624 lines
23 KiB
Perl
package Slic3r::Layer;
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use Moo;
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use Math::Clipper ':all';
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use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath ':roles';
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use Slic3r::Geometry qw(scale unscale collinear X Y A B PI rad2deg_dir bounding_box_center shortest_path);
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use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(safety_offset union_ex diff_ex intersection_ex xor_ex is_counter_clockwise);
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use Slic3r::Surface ':types';
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# a sequential number of layer, starting at 0
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has 'id' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'Int',
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required => 1,
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);
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has 'slicing_errors' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'slice_z' => (is => 'lazy');
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has 'print_z' => (is => 'lazy');
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has 'height' => (is => 'lazy');
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has 'flow' => (is => 'lazy');
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has 'perimeters_flow' => (is => 'lazy');
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has 'infill_flow' => (is => 'lazy');
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# collection of spare segments generated by slicing the original geometry;
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# these need to be merged in continuos (closed) polylines
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has 'lines' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[ArrayRef]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# collection of surfaces generated by slicing the original geometry
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has 'slices' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of polygons or polylines representing thin walls contained
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# in the original geometry
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has 'thin_walls' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of expolygons generated by offsetting the innermost perimeter(s)
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# they represent boundaries of areas to fill
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has 'fill_boundaries' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of polygons or polylines representing thin infill regions that
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# need to be filled with a medial axis
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has 'thin_fills' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of surfaces generated by clipping the slices to the fill boundaries
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has 'surfaces' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::Surface]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# collection of surfaces for infill
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has 'fill_surfaces' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::Surface]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to build all perimeters
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has 'perimeters' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to fill surfaces for support material
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has 'support_fills' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection',
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);
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to fill surfaces
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has 'fills' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# Z used for slicing
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sub _build_slice_z {
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my $self = shift;
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if ($self->id == 0) {
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return $Slic3r::_first_layer_height / 2 / $Slic3r::scaling_factor;
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}
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return ($Slic3r::_first_layer_height + (($self->id-1) * $Slic3r::layer_height) + ($Slic3r::layer_height/2))
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/ $Slic3r::scaling_factor; #/
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}
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# Z used for printing
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sub _build_print_z {
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my $self = shift;
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return ($Slic3r::_first_layer_height + ($self->id * $Slic3r::layer_height)) / $Slic3r::scaling_factor;
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}
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sub _build_height {
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my $self = shift;
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return $self->id == 0 ? $Slic3r::_first_layer_height : $Slic3r::layer_height;
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}
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sub _build_flow {
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my $self = shift;
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return $self->id == 0 && $Slic3r::first_layer_flow
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? $Slic3r::first_layer_flow
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: $Slic3r::flow;
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}
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sub _build_perimeters_flow {
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my $self = shift;
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return $self->id == 0 && $Slic3r::first_layer_flow
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? $Slic3r::first_layer_flow
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: $Slic3r::perimeters_flow;
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}
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sub _build_infill_flow {
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my $self = shift;
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return $self->id == 0 && $Slic3r::first_layer_flow
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? $Slic3r::first_layer_flow
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: $Slic3r::infill_flow;
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}
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sub add_line {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($line) = @_;
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push @{ $self->lines }, $line;
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return $line;
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}
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# build polylines from lines
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sub make_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($loops) = @_;
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{
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# merge everything
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my $expolygons = union_ex(safety_offset($loops, scale 0.1));
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Slic3r::debugf " %d surface(s) having %d holes detected from %d polylines\n",
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scalar(@$expolygons), scalar(map $_->holes, @$expolygons), scalar(@$loops);
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push @{$self->slices},
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map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
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@$expolygons;
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}
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# the contours must be offsetted by half extrusion width inwards
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{
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my $distance = scale $self->perimeters_flow->width / 2;
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my @surfaces = @{$self->slices};
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@{$self->slices} = ();
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foreach my $surface (@surfaces) {
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push @{$self->slices}, map Slic3r::Surface->new
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(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
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map $_->offset_ex(+$distance),
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$surface->expolygon->offset_ex(-2*$distance);
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}
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# now detect thin walls by re-outgrowing offsetted surfaces and subtracting
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# them from the original slices
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my $outgrown = Math::Clipper::offset([ map $_->p, @{$self->slices} ], $distance);
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ map $_->p, @surfaces ],
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$outgrown,
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1,
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);
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if (@$diff) {
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my $area_threshold = scale($self->perimeters_flow->spacing) ** 2;
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@$diff = grep $_->area > ($area_threshold), @$diff;
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push @{$self->thin_walls},
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map $_->medial_axis(scale $self->perimeters_flow->width),
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@$diff;
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Slic3r::debugf " %d thin walls detected\n", scalar(@{$self->thin_walls}) if @{$self->thin_walls};
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}
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}
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output(undef, "surfaces.svg",
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polygons => [ map $_->contour, @{$self->slices} ],
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red_polygons => [ map $_->p, map @{$_->holes}, @{$self->slices} ],
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);
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}
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}
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sub make_perimeters {
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my $self = shift;
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Slic3r::debugf "Making perimeters for layer %d\n", $self->id;
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my $gap_area_threshold = scale($self->perimeters_flow->width)** 2;
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# this array will hold one arrayref per original surface (island);
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# each item of this arrayref is an arrayref representing a depth (from outer
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# perimeters to inner); each item of this arrayref is an ExPolygon:
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# @perimeters = (
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# [ # first island
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# [ Slic3r::ExPolygon, Slic3r::ExPolygon... ], #depth 0: outer loop
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# [ Slic3r::ExPolygon, Slic3r::ExPolygon... ], #depth 1: inner loop
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# ],
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# [ # second island
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# ...
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# ]
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# )
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my @perimeters = (); # one item per depth; each item
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# organize islands using a shortest path search
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my @surfaces = @{shortest_path([
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map [ $_->contour->[0], $_ ], @{$self->slices},
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])};
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# for each island:
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foreach my $surface (@surfaces) {
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my @last_offsets = ($surface->expolygon);
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my $distance = 0;
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# experimental hole compensation (see ArcCompensation in the RepRap wiki)
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foreach my $hole ($last_offsets[0]->holes) {
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my $circumference = abs($hole->length);
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next unless $circumference <= $Slic3r::small_perimeter_length;
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# this compensation only works for circular holes, while it would
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# overcompensate for hexagons and other shapes having straight edges.
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# so we require a minimum number of vertices.
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next unless $circumference / @$hole >= scale 3 * $Slic3r::flow->width;
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# revert the compensation done in make_surfaces() and get the actual radius
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# of the hole
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my $radius = ($circumference / PI / 2) - scale $self->perimeters_flow->spacing/2;
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my $new_radius = (scale($self->perimeters_flow->width) + sqrt((scale($self->perimeters_flow->width)**2) + (4*($radius**2)))) / 2;
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# holes are always turned to contours, so reverse point order before and after
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$hole->reverse;
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my @offsetted = $hole->offset(+ ($new_radius - $radius));
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# skip arc compensation when hole is not round (thus leads to multiple offsets)
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@$hole = map Slic3r::Point->new($_), @{ $offsetted[0] } if @offsetted == 1;
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$hole->reverse;
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}
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my @gaps = ();
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# generate perimeters inwards
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my $loop_number = $Slic3r::perimeters + ($surface->additional_inner_perimeters || 0);
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push @perimeters, [];
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for (my $loop = 0; $loop < $loop_number; $loop++) {
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# offsetting a polygon can result in one or many offset polygons
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if ($distance) {
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my @new_offsets = ();
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foreach my $expolygon (@last_offsets) {
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my @offsets = map $_->offset_ex(+0.5*$distance), $expolygon->offset_ex(-1.5*$distance);
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push @new_offsets, @offsets;
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ map @$_, $expolygon->offset_ex(-$distance) ],
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[ map @$_, @offsets ],
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);
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push @gaps, grep $_->area >= $gap_area_threshold, @$diff;
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}
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@last_offsets = @new_offsets;
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}
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last if !@last_offsets;
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push @{ $perimeters[-1] }, [@last_offsets];
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# offset distance for inner loops
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$distance = scale $self->perimeters_flow->spacing;
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}
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# create one more offset to be used as boundary for fill
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{
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my @fill_boundaries = map $_->offset_ex(-$distance), @last_offsets;
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$_->simplify(scale $Slic3r::resolution) for @fill_boundaries;
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push @{ $self->fill_boundaries }, @fill_boundaries;
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# detect the small gaps that we need to treat like thin polygons,
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# thus generating the skeleton and using it to fill them
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push @{ $self->thin_fills },
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map $_->medial_axis(scale $self->perimeters_flow->width),
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@gaps;
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Slic3r::debugf " %d gaps filled\n", scalar @{ $self->thin_fills }
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if @{ $self->thin_fills };
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}
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}
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# process one island (original surface) at time
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foreach my $island (@perimeters) {
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# do holes starting from innermost one
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my @holes = ();
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my @hole_depths = map [ map $_->holes, @$_ ], @$island;
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# organize the outermost hole loops using a shortest path search
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@{$hole_depths[0]} = @{shortest_path([
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map [ $_->[0], $_ ], @{$hole_depths[0]},
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])};
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CYCLE: while (map @$_, @hole_depths) {
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shift @hole_depths while !@{$hole_depths[0]};
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# take first available hole
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push @holes, shift @{$hole_depths[0]};
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my $current_depth = 0;
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while (1) {
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$current_depth++;
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# look for the hole containing this one if any
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next CYCLE if !$hole_depths[$current_depth];
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my $parent_hole;
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for (@{$hole_depths[$current_depth]}) {
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if ($_->encloses_point($holes[-1]->[0])) {
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$parent_hole = $_;
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last;
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}
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}
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next CYCLE if !$parent_hole;
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# look for other holes contained in such parent
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for (@{$hole_depths[$current_depth-1]}) {
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if ($parent_hole->encloses_point($_->[0])) {
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# we have a sibling, so let's move onto next iteration
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next CYCLE;
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}
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}
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push @holes, $parent_hole;
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@{$hole_depths[$current_depth]} = grep $_ ne $parent_hole, @{$hole_depths[$current_depth]};
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}
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}
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# do holes, then contours starting from innermost one
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$self->add_perimeter($_) for reverse @holes;
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for my $depth (reverse 0 .. $#$island) {
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my $role = $depth == $#$island ? EXTR_ROLE_CONTOUR_INTERNAL_PERIMETER : EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER;
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$self->add_perimeter($_, $role) for map $_->contour, @{$island->[$depth]};
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}
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}
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# add thin walls as perimeters
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{
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my @thin_paths = ();
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for (@{ $self->thin_walls }) {
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if ($_->isa('Slic3r::Polygon')) {
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push @thin_paths, Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop->new(polygon => $_, role => EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER);
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} else {
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push @thin_paths, Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(polyline => $_, role => EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER);
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}
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}
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my $collection = Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new(paths => \@thin_paths);
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push @{ $self->perimeters }, $collection->shortest_path;
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}
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}
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sub add_perimeter {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($polygon, $role) = @_;
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return unless $polygon->is_printable($self->perimeters_flow->width);
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push @{ $self->perimeters }, Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop->new(
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polygon => $polygon,
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role => (abs($polygon->length) <= $Slic3r::small_perimeter_length) ? EXTR_ROLE_SMALLPERIMETER : ($role // EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER), #/
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);
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}
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sub prepare_fill_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my @surfaces = @{$self->surfaces};
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# merge too small internal surfaces with their surrounding tops
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# (if they're too small, they can be treated as solid)
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{
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my $min_area = ((7 * $self->infill_flow->spacing / $Slic3r::scaling_factor)**2) * PI;
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my $small_internal = [
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grep { $_->expolygon->contour->area <= $min_area }
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grep { $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL }
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@surfaces
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];
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foreach my $s (@$small_internal) {
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@surfaces = grep $_ ne $s, @surfaces;
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}
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my $union = union_ex([
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(map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP, @surfaces),
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(map @$_, map $_->expolygon->safety_offset, @$small_internal),
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]);
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my @top = map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_TOP), @$union;
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@surfaces = (grep($_->surface_type != S_TYPE_TOP, @surfaces), @top);
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}
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# remove top/bottom surfaces
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if ($Slic3r::solid_layers == 0) {
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$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL) for grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @surfaces;
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}
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# remove internal surfaces
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if ($Slic3r::fill_density == 0) {
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@surfaces = grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @surfaces;
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}
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$self->fill_surfaces([@surfaces]);
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}
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sub remove_small_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my $distance = scale $self->infill_flow->spacing / 2;
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my @surfaces = @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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@{$self->fill_surfaces} = ();
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foreach my $surface (@surfaces) {
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# offset inwards
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my @offsets = $surface->expolygon->offset_ex(-$distance);
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# offset the results outwards again and merge the results
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@offsets = map $_->offset_ex($distance), @offsets;
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@offsets = @{ union_ex([ map @$_, @offsets ], undef, 1) };
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push @{$self->fill_surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => $surface->surface_type), @offsets;
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}
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Slic3r::debugf "identified %d small surfaces at layer %d\n",
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(@surfaces - @{$self->fill_surfaces}), $self->id
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if @{$self->fill_surfaces} != @surfaces;
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# the difference between @surfaces and $self->fill_surfaces
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# is what's too small; we add it back as solid infill
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if ($Slic3r::fill_density > 0) {
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ map $_->p, @surfaces ],
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[ map $_->p, @{$self->fill_surfaces} ],
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);
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push @{$self->fill_surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID), @$diff;
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}
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}
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# make bridges printable
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sub process_bridges {
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my $self = shift;
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# no bridges are possible if we have no internal surfaces
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return if $Slic3r::fill_density == 0;
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my @bridges = ();
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# a bottom surface on a layer > 0 is either a bridge or a overhang
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# or a combination of both; any top surface is a candidate for
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# reverse bridge processing
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my @solid_surfaces = grep {
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($_->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM && $self->id > 0) || $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP
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} @{$self->fill_surfaces} or return;
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my @internal_surfaces = grep { $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL || $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID } @{$self->slices};
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SURFACE: foreach my $surface (@solid_surfaces) {
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my $expolygon = $surface->expolygon->safety_offset;
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my $description = $surface->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM ? 'bridge/overhang' : 'reverse bridge';
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# offset the contour and intersect it with the internal surfaces to discover
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# which of them has contact with our bridge
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my @supporting_surfaces = ();
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my ($contour_offset) = $expolygon->contour->offset(scale $self->flow->spacing * sqrt(2));
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foreach my $internal_surface (@internal_surfaces) {
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my $intersection = intersection_ex([$contour_offset], [$internal_surface->p]);
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if (@$intersection) {
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push @supporting_surfaces, $internal_surface;
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|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (0) {
|
|
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
|
|
Slic3r::SVG::output(undef, "bridge_surfaces.svg",
|
|
green_polygons => [ map $_->p, @supporting_surfaces ],
|
|
red_polygons => [ @$expolygon ],
|
|
);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Slic3r::debugf "Found $description on layer %d with %d support(s)\n",
|
|
$self->id, scalar(@supporting_surfaces);
|
|
|
|
next SURFACE unless @supporting_surfaces;
|
|
|
|
my $bridge_angle = undef;
|
|
if ($surface->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM) {
|
|
# detect optimal bridge angle
|
|
|
|
my $bridge_over_hole = 0;
|
|
my @edges = (); # edges are POLYLINES
|
|
foreach my $supporting_surface (@supporting_surfaces) {
|
|
my @surface_edges = map $_->clip_with_polygon($contour_offset),
|
|
($supporting_surface->contour, $supporting_surface->holes);
|
|
|
|
if (@supporting_surfaces == 1 && @surface_edges == 1
|
|
&& @{$supporting_surface->contour} == @{$surface_edges[0]}) {
|
|
$bridge_over_hole = 1;
|
|
}
|
|
push @edges, grep { @$_ } @surface_edges;
|
|
}
|
|
Slic3r::debugf " Bridge is supported on %d edge(s)\n", scalar(@edges);
|
|
Slic3r::debugf " and covers a hole\n" if $bridge_over_hole;
|
|
|
|
if (0) {
|
|
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
|
|
Slic3r::SVG::output(undef, "bridge_edges.svg",
|
|
polylines => [ map $_->p, @edges ],
|
|
);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (@edges == 2) {
|
|
my @chords = map Slic3r::Line->new($_->[0], $_->[-1]), @edges;
|
|
my @midpoints = map $_->midpoint, @chords;
|
|
my $line_between_midpoints = Slic3r::Line->new(@midpoints);
|
|
$bridge_angle = rad2deg_dir($line_between_midpoints->direction);
|
|
} elsif (@edges == 1) {
|
|
# TODO: this case includes both U-shaped bridges and plain overhangs;
|
|
# we need a trapezoidation algorithm to detect the actual bridged area
|
|
# and separate it from the overhang area.
|
|
# in the mean time, we're treating as overhangs all cases where
|
|
# our supporting edge is a straight line
|
|
if (@{$edges[0]} > 2) {
|
|
my $line = Slic3r::Line->new($edges[0]->[0], $edges[0]->[-1]);
|
|
$bridge_angle = rad2deg_dir($line->direction);
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif (@edges) {
|
|
my $center = bounding_box_center([ map @$_, @edges ]);
|
|
my $x = my $y = 0;
|
|
foreach my $point (map @$, @edges) {
|
|
my $line = Slic3r::Line->new($center, $point);
|
|
my $dir = $line->direction;
|
|
my $len = $line->length;
|
|
$x += cos($dir) * $len;
|
|
$y += sin($dir) * $len;
|
|
}
|
|
$bridge_angle = rad2deg_dir(atan2($y, $x));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Slic3r::debugf " Optimal infill angle of bridge on layer %d is %d degrees\n",
|
|
$self->id, $bridge_angle if defined $bridge_angle;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# now, extend our bridge by taking a portion of supporting surfaces
|
|
{
|
|
# offset the bridge by the specified amount of mm (minimum 3)
|
|
my $bridge_overlap = scale 3;
|
|
my ($bridge_offset) = $expolygon->contour->offset($bridge_overlap);
|
|
|
|
# calculate the new bridge
|
|
my $intersection = intersection_ex(
|
|
[ @$expolygon, map $_->p, @supporting_surfaces ],
|
|
[ $bridge_offset ],
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
push @bridges, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
|
|
expolygon => $_,
|
|
surface_type => $surface->surface_type,
|
|
bridge_angle => $bridge_angle,
|
|
), @$intersection;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# now we need to merge bridges to avoid overlapping
|
|
{
|
|
# build a list of unique bridge types
|
|
my @surface_groups = Slic3r::Surface->group(@bridges);
|
|
|
|
# merge bridges of the same type, removing any of the bridges already merged;
|
|
# the order of @surface_groups determines the priority between bridges having
|
|
# different surface_type or bridge_angle
|
|
@bridges = ();
|
|
foreach my $surfaces (@surface_groups) {
|
|
my $union = union_ex([ map $_->p, @$surfaces ]);
|
|
my $diff = diff_ex(
|
|
[ map @$_, @$union ],
|
|
[ map $_->p, @bridges ],
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
push @bridges, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
|
|
expolygon => $_,
|
|
surface_type => $surfaces->[0]->surface_type,
|
|
bridge_angle => $surfaces->[0]->bridge_angle,
|
|
), @$union;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# apply bridges to layer
|
|
{
|
|
my @surfaces = @{$self->fill_surfaces};
|
|
@{$self->fill_surfaces} = ();
|
|
|
|
# intersect layer surfaces with bridges to get actual bridges
|
|
foreach my $bridge (@bridges) {
|
|
my $actual_bridge = intersection_ex(
|
|
[ map $_->p, @surfaces ],
|
|
[ $bridge->p ],
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
push @{$self->fill_surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
|
|
expolygon => $_,
|
|
surface_type => $bridge->surface_type,
|
|
bridge_angle => $bridge->bridge_angle,
|
|
), @$actual_bridge;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# difference between layer surfaces and bridges are the other surfaces
|
|
foreach my $group (Slic3r::Surface->group(@surfaces)) {
|
|
my $difference = diff_ex(
|
|
[ map $_->p, @$group ],
|
|
[ map $_->p, @bridges ],
|
|
);
|
|
push @{$self->fill_surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
|
|
expolygon => $_,
|
|
surface_type => $group->[0]->surface_type), @$difference;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
1;
|