600 lines
25 KiB
Perl
600 lines
25 KiB
Perl
package Slic3r::Layer::Region;
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use Moo;
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use List::Util qw(sum first);
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use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath ':roles';
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use Slic3r::Geometry qw(PI A B scale chained_path_items points_coincide);
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use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(safety_offset union_ex diff_ex intersection_ex
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offset offset2 offset2_ex PFT_EVENODD union_pt traverse_pt diff intersection
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union diff);
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use Slic3r::Surface ':types';
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has 'layer' => (
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is => 'ro',
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weak_ref => 1,
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required => 1,
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trigger => 1,
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handles => [qw(id slice_z print_z height flow)],
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);
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has 'region' => (is => 'ro', required => 1, handles => [qw(extruders)]);
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has 'perimeter_flow' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'infill_flow' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'solid_infill_flow' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'top_infill_flow' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'infill_area_threshold' => (is => 'lazy');
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has 'overhang_width' => (is => 'lazy');
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# collection of surfaces generated by slicing the original geometry
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# divided by type top/bottom/internal
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has 'slices' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::Surface::Collection->new });
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# collection of polygons or polylines representing thin walls contained
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# in the original geometry
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has 'thin_walls' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new });
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# collection of extrusion paths/loops filling gaps
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has 'thin_fills' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new });
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# collection of surfaces for infill generation
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has 'fill_surfaces' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::Surface::Collection->new });
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths/loops to build all perimeters
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has 'perimeters' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new });
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to fill surfaces
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has 'fills' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new });
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sub BUILD {
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my $self = shift;
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$self->_update_flows;
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}
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sub _trigger_layer {
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my $self = shift;
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$self->_update_flows;
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}
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sub _update_flows {
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my $self = shift;
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return if !$self->region;
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if ($self->id == 0) {
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for (qw(perimeter infill solid_infill top_infill)) {
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my $method = "${_}_flow";
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$self->$method
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($self->region->first_layer_flows->{$_} || $self->region->flows->{$_});
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}
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} else {
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$self->perimeter_flow($self->region->flows->{perimeter});
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$self->infill_flow($self->region->flows->{infill});
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$self->solid_infill_flow($self->region->flows->{solid_infill});
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$self->top_infill_flow($self->region->flows->{top_infill});
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}
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}
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sub _build_overhang_width {
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my $self = shift;
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my $threshold_rad = PI/2 - atan2($self->perimeter_flow->width / $self->height / 2, 1);
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return scale($self->height * ((cos $threshold_rad) / (sin $threshold_rad)));
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}
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sub _build_infill_area_threshold {
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my $self = shift;
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return $self->solid_infill_flow->scaled_spacing ** 2;
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}
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# build polylines from lines
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sub make_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($loops) = @_;
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return if !@$loops;
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$self->slices->clear;
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$self->slices->append(_merge_loops($loops));
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# detect thin walls by offsetting slices by half extrusion inwards
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if ($Slic3r::Config->thin_walls) {
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$self->thin_walls([]);
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# we use spacing here because there could be a case where
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# the slice collapses with width but doesn't collapse with spacing,
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# thus causing both perimeters and medial axis to be generated
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my $width = $self->perimeter_flow->scaled_spacing;
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ map $_->p, @{$self->slices} ],
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offset2([ map $_->p, @{$self->slices} ], -$width*0.5, +$width*0.5),
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1,
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);
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my $area_threshold = $width ** 2;
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if (@$diff = grep { $_->area > $area_threshold } @$diff) {
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@{$self->thin_walls} = map $_->medial_axis($width), @$diff;
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Slic3r::debugf " %d thin walls detected\n", scalar(@{$self->thin_walls});
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}
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}
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output("surfaces.svg",
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polygons => [ map $_->contour, @{$self->slices} ],
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red_polygons => [ map $_->p, map @{$_->holes}, @{$self->slices} ],
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);
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}
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}
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sub _merge_loops {
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my ($loops, $safety_offset) = @_;
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# Input loops are not suitable for evenodd nor nonzero fill types, as we might get
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# two consecutive concentric loops having the same winding order - and we have to
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# respect such order. In that case, evenodd would create wrong inversions, and nonzero
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# would ignore holes inside two concentric contours.
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# So we're ordering loops and collapse consecutive concentric loops having the same
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# winding order.
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# TODO: find a faster algorithm for this.
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my @loops = sort { $a->encloses_point($b->[0]) ? 0 : 1 } @$loops; # outer first
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# we don't perform a safety offset now because it might reverse cw loops
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my $slices = [];
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foreach my $loop (@loops) {
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$slices = $loop->is_counter_clockwise
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? union([ $loop, @$slices ])
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: diff($slices, [$loop]);
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}
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# perform a safety offset to merge very close facets (TODO: find test case for this)
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$safety_offset //= scale 0.0499;
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$slices = offset2_ex($slices, +$safety_offset, -$safety_offset);
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Slic3r::debugf " %d surface(s) having %d holes detected from %d polylines\n",
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scalar(@$slices), scalar(map $_->holes, @$slices), scalar(@$loops) if $Slic3r::debug;
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return map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL), @$slices;
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}
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sub make_perimeters {
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my $self = shift;
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my $perimeter_spacing = $self->perimeter_flow->scaled_spacing;
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my $infill_spacing = $self->solid_infill_flow->scaled_spacing;
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my $gap_area_threshold = $self->perimeter_flow->scaled_width ** 2;
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$self->perimeters->clear;
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$self->fill_surfaces->clear;
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$self->thin_fills->clear;
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my @contours = (); # array of Polygons with ccw orientation
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my @holes = (); # array of Polygons with cw orientation
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my @gaps = (); # array of ExPolygons
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# we need to process each island separately because we might have different
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# extra perimeters for each one
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foreach my $surface (@{$self->slices}) {
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# detect how many perimeters must be generated for this island
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my $loop_number = $Slic3r::Config->perimeters + ($surface->extra_perimeters || 0);
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# generate loops
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# (one more than necessary so that we can detect gaps even after the desired
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# number of perimeters has been generated)
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my @last = @{$surface->expolygon};
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my @this_gaps = ();
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for my $i (0 .. $loop_number) {
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# external loop only needs half inset distance
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my $spacing = ($i == 0)
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? $perimeter_spacing / 2
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: $perimeter_spacing;
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my @offsets = @{offset2_ex(\@last, -1.5*$spacing, +0.5*$spacing)};
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my @contours_offsets = map $_->contour, @offsets;
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my @holes_offsets = map $_->holes, @offsets;
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@offsets = (@contours_offsets, @holes_offsets); # turn @offsets from ExPolygons to Polygons
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# where offset2() collapses the expolygon, then there's no room for an inner loop
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# and we can extract the gap for later processing
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if ($Slic3r::Config->gap_fill_speed > 0 && $Slic3r::Config->fill_density > 0) {
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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offset(\@last, -0.5*$spacing),
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# +2 on the offset here makes sure that Clipper float truncation
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# won't shrink the clip polygon to be smaller than intended.
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offset(\@offsets, +0.5*$spacing + 2),
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);
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push @gaps, (@this_gaps = grep $_->area >= $gap_area_threshold, @$diff);
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}
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last if !@offsets || $i == $loop_number;
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push @contours, @contours_offsets;
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push @holes, @holes_offsets;
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@last = @offsets;
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}
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# make sure we don't infill narrow parts that are already gap-filled
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# (we only consider this surface's gaps to reduce the diff() complexity)
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@last = @{diff(\@last, [ map @$_, @this_gaps ])};
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# create one more offset to be used as boundary for fill
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# we offset by half the perimeter spacing (to get to the actual infill boundary)
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# and then we offset back and forth by half the infill spacing to only consider the
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# non-collapsing regions
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$self->fill_surfaces->append(
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@{offset2_ex(
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[ map $_->simplify_as_polygons(&Slic3r::SCALED_RESOLUTION), @{union_ex(\@last)} ],
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-($perimeter_spacing/2 + $infill_spacing/2),
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+$infill_spacing/2,
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)}
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);
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}
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$self->_fill_gaps(\@gaps);
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# find nesting hierarchies separately for contours and holes
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my $contours_pt = union_pt(\@contours, PFT_EVENODD);
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my $holes_pt = union_pt(\@holes, PFT_EVENODD);
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# prepare a coderef for traversing the PolyTree object
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# external contours are root items of $contours_pt
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# internal contours are the ones next to external
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my $traverse;
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$traverse = sub {
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my ($polynodes, $depth, $is_contour) = @_;
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# use a nearest neighbor search to order these children
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# TODO: supply second argument to chained_path_items() too?
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my @nodes = @{Slic3r::Geometry::chained_path_items(
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[ map [ Slic3r::Point->new(@{$_->{outer} ? $_->{outer}[0] : $_->{hole}[0]}), $_ ], @$polynodes ],
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)};
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my @loops = ();
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foreach my $polynode (@nodes) {
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push @loops, $traverse->($polynode->{children}, $depth+1, $is_contour);
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# return ccw contours and cw holes
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# GCode.pm will convert all of them to ccw, but it needs to know
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# what the holes are in order to compute the correct inwards move
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my $polygon = Slic3r::Polygon->new(defined $polynode->{outer} ? @{$polynode->{outer}} : reverse @{$polynode->{hole}});
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$polygon->reverse if !$is_contour;
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my $role = EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER;
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if ($is_contour ? $depth == 0 : !@{ $polynode->{children} }) {
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# external perimeters are root level in case of contours
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# and items with no children in case of holes
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$role = EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER;
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} elsif ($depth == 1 && $is_contour) {
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$role = EXTR_ROLE_CONTOUR_INTERNAL_PERIMETER;
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}
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push @loops, Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop->new(
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polygon => $polygon,
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role => $role,
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flow_spacing => $self->perimeter_flow->spacing,
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);
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}
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return @loops;
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};
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# order loops from inner to outer (in terms of object slices)
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my @loops = (
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(reverse $traverse->($holes_pt, 0)),
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$traverse->($contours_pt, 0, 1),
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);
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# if brim will be printed, reverse the order of perimeters so that
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# we continue inwards after having finished the brim
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# TODO: add test for perimeter order
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@loops = reverse @loops
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if $Slic3r::Config->external_perimeters_first
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|| ($self->layer->id == 0 && $Slic3r::Config->brim_width > 0);
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# append perimeters
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$self->perimeters->append(@loops);
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# add thin walls as perimeters
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push @{ $self->perimeters }, Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new(
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map {
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Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
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polyline => ($_->isa('Slic3r::Polygon') ? $_->split_at_first_point : $_),
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role => EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER,
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flow_spacing => $self->perimeter_flow->spacing,
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);
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} @{ $self->thin_walls }
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)->chained_path;
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}
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sub _fill_gaps {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($gaps) = @_;
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return unless @$gaps;
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my $filler = $self->layer->object->fill_maker->filler('rectilinear');
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$filler->layer_id($self->layer->id);
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# we should probably use this code to handle thin walls and remove that logic from
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# make_surfaces(), but we need to enable dynamic extrusion width before as we can't
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# use zigzag for thin walls.
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# in the mean time we subtract thin walls from the detected gaps so that we don't
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# reprocess them, causing overlapping thin walls and zigzag.
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@$gaps = @{diff_ex(
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[ map @$_, @$gaps ],
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[ map $_->grow($self->perimeter_flow->scaled_width), @{$self->{thin_walls}} ],
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1,
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)};
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# medial axis-based gap fill should benefit from detection of larger gaps too, so
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# we could try with 1.5*$w for example, but that doesn't work well for zigzag fill
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# because it tends to create very sparse points along the gap when the infill direction
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# is not parallel to the gap (1.5*$w thus may only work well with a straight line)
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my $w = $self->perimeter_flow->width;
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my @widths = ($w, 0.4 * $w); # worth trying 0.2 too?
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foreach my $width (@widths) {
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my $flow = $self->perimeter_flow->clone(width => $width);
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# extract the gaps having this width
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my @this_width = map @{$_->offset_ex(+0.5*$flow->scaled_width)},
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map @{$_->noncollapsing_offset_ex(-0.5*$flow->scaled_width)},
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@$gaps;
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if (0) { # remember to re-enable t/dynamic.t
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# fill gaps using dynamic extrusion width, by treating them like thin polygons,
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# thus generating the skeleton and using it to fill them
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my %path_args = (
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role => EXTR_ROLE_SOLIDFILL,
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flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
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);
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$self->thin_fills->append(map {
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$_->isa('Slic3r::Polygon')
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? Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop->new(polygon => $_, %path_args)->split_at_first_point # we should keep these as loops
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: Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(polyline => $_, %path_args),
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} map $_->medial_axis($flow->scaled_width), @this_width);
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Slic3r::debugf " %d gaps filled with extrusion width = %s\n", scalar @this_width, $width
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if @{ $self->thin_fills };
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} else {
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# fill gaps using zigzag infill
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# since this is infill, we have to offset by half-extrusion width inwards
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my @infill = map @{$_->offset_ex(-0.5*$flow->scaled_width)}, @this_width;
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foreach my $expolygon (@infill) {
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my ($params, @paths) = $filler->fill_surface(
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Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $expolygon, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID),
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density => 1,
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flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
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);
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push @{ $self->thin_fills },
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map {
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$_->simplify($flow->scaled_width/3);
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$_;
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}
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map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
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polyline => Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_),
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role => EXTR_ROLE_GAPFILL,
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height => $self->height,
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flow_spacing => $params->{flow_spacing},
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),
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# Split polylines into lines so that the chained_path() search
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# at the final stage has more freedom and will choose starting
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# points closer than last positions. OTOH, this will make such
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# search slower. Probably, ExtrusionPath objects should support
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# splitting nearby a given position so that we can choose the right
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# entry point even in the middle of the path without needing a
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# complex, slow, chained_path() search on all segments. TODO.
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# Such logic will also avoid all the small travel moves that this
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# line-splitting causes, and it will be applicable to other things
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# too.
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map Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_)->lines,
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@paths;
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}
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}
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# check what's left
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@$gaps = @{diff_ex(
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[ map @$_, @$gaps ],
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[ map @$_, @this_width ],
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)};
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}
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}
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sub prepare_fill_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my @surfaces = @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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# if no solid layers are requested, turn top/bottom surfaces to internal
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if ($Slic3r::Config->top_solid_layers == 0) {
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for my $i (0..$#surfaces) {
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next unless $surfaces[$i]->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP;
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$self->fill_surfaces->set_surface_type($i, S_TYPE_INTERNAL);
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}
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}
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if ($Slic3r::Config->bottom_solid_layers == 0) {
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for my $i (0..$#surfaces) {
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next unless $surfaces[$i]->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM;
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$self->fill_surfaces->set_surface_type($i, S_TYPE_INTERNAL);
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}
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}
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# turn too small internal regions into solid regions according to the user setting
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if ($Slic3r::Config->fill_density > 0) {
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my $min_area = scale scale $Slic3r::Config->solid_infill_below_area; # scaling an area requires two calls!
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for my $i (0..$#surfaces) {
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next unless $surfaces[$i]->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL && $surfaces[$i]->expolygon->contour->area <= $min_area;
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$self->fill_surfaces->set_surface_type($i, S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID);
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}
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}
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}
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sub process_external_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my $margin = scale &Slic3r::EXTERNAL_INFILL_MARGIN;
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my @bottom = ();
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foreach my $surface (grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM, @{$self->fill_surfaces}) {
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my $grown = $surface->expolygon->offset_ex(+$margin);
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# detect bridge direction before merging grown surfaces otherwise adjacent bridges
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# would get merged into a single one while they need different directions
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# also, supply the original expolygon instead of the grown one, because in case
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# of very thin (but still working) anchors, the grown expolygon would go beyond them
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my $angle = $self->id > 0
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? $self->_detect_bridge_direction($surface->expolygon)
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: undef;
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||
push @bottom, map $surface->clone(expolygon => $_, bridge_angle => $angle), @$grown;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
my @top = ();
|
||
foreach my $surface (grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP, @{$self->fill_surfaces}) {
|
||
# give priority to bottom surfaces
|
||
my $grown = diff_ex(
|
||
$surface->expolygon->offset(+$margin),
|
||
[ map $_->p, @bottom ],
|
||
);
|
||
push @top, map $surface->clone(expolygon => $_), @$grown;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# if we're slicing with no infill, we can't extend external surfaces
|
||
# over non-existent infill
|
||
my @fill_boundaries = $Slic3r::Config->fill_density > 0
|
||
? @{$self->fill_surfaces}
|
||
: grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
|
||
|
||
# intersect the grown surfaces with the actual fill boundaries
|
||
my @new_surfaces = ();
|
||
foreach my $group (Slic3r::Surface->group(@top, @bottom)) {
|
||
push @new_surfaces,
|
||
map $group->[0]->clone(expolygon => $_),
|
||
@{intersection_ex(
|
||
[ map $_->p, @$group ],
|
||
[ map $_->p, @fill_boundaries ],
|
||
1, # to ensure adjacent expolygons are unified
|
||
)};
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# subtract the new top surfaces from the other non-top surfaces and re-add them
|
||
my @other = grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_TOP && $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_BOTTOM, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
|
||
foreach my $group (Slic3r::Surface->group(@other)) {
|
||
push @new_surfaces, map $group->[0]->clone(expolygon => $_), @{diff_ex(
|
||
[ map $_->p, @$group ],
|
||
[ map $_->p, @new_surfaces ],
|
||
)};
|
||
}
|
||
@{$self->fill_surfaces} = @new_surfaces;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
sub _detect_bridge_direction {
|
||
my $self = shift;
|
||
my ($expolygon) = @_;
|
||
|
||
my $grown = $expolygon->offset_ex(+$self->perimeter_flow->scaled_width);
|
||
my @lower = @{$self->layer->object->layers->[ $self->id - 1 ]->slices}; # expolygons
|
||
|
||
# detect what edges lie on lower slices
|
||
my @edges = (); # polylines
|
||
foreach my $lower (@lower) {
|
||
# turn bridge contour and holes into polylines and then clip them
|
||
# with each lower slice's contour
|
||
my @clipped = map $_->split_at_first_point->clip_with_polygon($lower->contour), map @$_, @$grown;
|
||
if (@clipped == 2) {
|
||
# If the split_at_first_point() call above happens to split the polygon inside the clipping area
|
||
# we would get two consecutive polylines instead of a single one, so we use this ugly hack to
|
||
# recombine them back into a single one in order to trigger the @edges == 2 logic below.
|
||
# This needs to be replaced with something way better.
|
||
if (points_coincide($clipped[0][0], $clipped[-1][-1])) {
|
||
@clipped = (Slic3r::Polyline->new(@{$clipped[-1]}, @{$clipped[0]}));
|
||
}
|
||
if (points_coincide($clipped[-1][0], $clipped[0][-1])) {
|
||
@clipped = (Slic3r::Polyline->new(@{$clipped[0]}, @{$clipped[1]}));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
push @edges, @clipped;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
Slic3r::debugf "Found bridge on layer %d with %d support(s)\n", $self->id, scalar(@edges);
|
||
return undef if !@edges;
|
||
|
||
my $bridge_angle = undef;
|
||
|
||
if (0) {
|
||
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
|
||
Slic3r::SVG::output("bridge_$expolygon.svg",
|
||
expolygons => [ $expolygon ],
|
||
red_expolygons => [ @lower ],
|
||
polylines => [ @edges ],
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (@edges == 2) {
|
||
my @chords = map Slic3r::Line->new($_->[0], $_->[-1]), @edges;
|
||
my @midpoints = map $_->midpoint, @chords;
|
||
my $line_between_midpoints = Slic3r::Line->new(@midpoints);
|
||
$bridge_angle = Slic3r::Geometry::rad2deg_dir($line_between_midpoints->direction);
|
||
} elsif (@edges == 1) {
|
||
# TODO: this case includes both U-shaped bridges and plain overhangs;
|
||
# we need a trapezoidation algorithm to detect the actual bridged area
|
||
# and separate it from the overhang area.
|
||
# in the mean time, we're treating as overhangs all cases where
|
||
# our supporting edge is a straight line
|
||
if (@{$edges[0]} > 2) {
|
||
my $line = Slic3r::Line->new($edges[0]->[0], $edges[0]->[-1]);
|
||
$bridge_angle = Slic3r::Geometry::rad2deg_dir($line->direction);
|
||
}
|
||
} elsif (@edges) {
|
||
# inset the bridge expolygon; we'll use this one to clip our test lines
|
||
my $inset = [ $expolygon->offset_ex($self->infill_flow->scaled_width) ];
|
||
|
||
# detect anchors as intersection between our bridge expolygon and the lower slices
|
||
my $anchors = intersection_ex(
|
||
[ @$grown ],
|
||
[ map @$_, @lower ],
|
||
undef,
|
||
1, # safety offset required to avoid Clipper from detecting empty intersection while Boost actually found some @edges
|
||
);
|
||
|
||
# we'll now try several directions using a rudimentary visibility check:
|
||
# bridge in several directions and then sum the length of lines having both
|
||
# endpoints within anchors
|
||
my %directions = (); # angle => score
|
||
my $angle_increment = PI/36; # 5°
|
||
my $line_increment = $self->infill_flow->scaled_width;
|
||
for (my $angle = 0; $angle <= PI; $angle += $angle_increment) {
|
||
# rotate everything - the center point doesn't matter
|
||
$_->rotate($angle, [0,0]) for @$inset, @$anchors;
|
||
|
||
# generate lines in this direction
|
||
my $bounding_box = Slic3r::Geometry::BoundingBox->new_from_points([ map @$_, map @$_, @$anchors ]);
|
||
|
||
my @lines = ();
|
||
for (my $x = $bounding_box->x_min; $x <= $bounding_box->x_max; $x += $line_increment) {
|
||
push @lines, [ [$x, $bounding_box->y_min], [$x, $bounding_box->y_max] ];
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# TODO: use a multi_polygon_multi_linestring_intersection() call
|
||
my @clipped_lines = map @{ Boost::Geometry::Utils::polygon_multi_linestring_intersection($_, \@lines) }, @$inset;
|
||
|
||
# remove any line not having both endpoints within anchors
|
||
@clipped_lines = grep {
|
||
my $line = $_;
|
||
!(first { $_->encloses_point_quick($line->[A]) } @$anchors)
|
||
&& !(first { $_->encloses_point_quick($line->[B]) } @$anchors);
|
||
} @clipped_lines;
|
||
|
||
# sum length of bridged lines
|
||
$directions{-$angle} = sum(map Slic3r::Geometry::line_length($_), @clipped_lines) // 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
# this could be slightly optimized with a max search instead of the sort
|
||
my @sorted_directions = sort { $directions{$a} <=> $directions{$b} } keys %directions;
|
||
|
||
# the best direction is the one causing most lines to be bridged
|
||
$bridge_angle = Slic3r::Geometry::rad2deg_dir($sorted_directions[-1]);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
Slic3r::debugf " Optimal infill angle of bridge on layer %d is %d degrees\n",
|
||
$self->id, $bridge_angle if defined $bridge_angle;
|
||
|
||
return $bridge_angle;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
1;
|