583 lines
24 KiB
Perl
583 lines
24 KiB
Perl
package Slic3r::Layer::Region;
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use Moo;
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use List::Util qw(sum first);
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use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath ':roles';
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use Slic3r::Geometry qw(PI A B scale chained_path_items points_coincide);
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use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(safety_offset union_ex diff_ex intersection_ex
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offset offset2_ex PFT_EVENODD union_pt traverse_pt diff intersection);
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use Slic3r::Surface ':types';
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has 'layer' => (
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is => 'ro',
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weak_ref => 1,
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required => 1,
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trigger => 1,
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handles => [qw(id slice_z print_z height flow)],
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);
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has 'region' => (is => 'ro', required => 1, handles => [qw(extruders)]);
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has 'perimeter_flow' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'infill_flow' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'solid_infill_flow' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'top_infill_flow' => (is => 'rw');
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has 'infill_area_threshold' => (is => 'lazy');
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has 'overhang_width' => (is => 'lazy');
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# collection of spare segments generated by slicing the original geometry;
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# these need to be merged in continuos (closed) polylines
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has 'lines' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of surfaces generated by slicing the original geometry
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# divided by type top/bottom/internal
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has 'slices' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of polygons or polylines representing thin walls contained
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# in the original geometry
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has 'thin_walls' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of polygons or polylines representing thin infill regions that
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# need to be filled with a medial axis
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has 'thin_fills' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of surfaces for infill generation
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has 'fill_surfaces' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths/loops to build all perimeters
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has 'perimeters' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to fill surfaces
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has 'fills' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { [] });
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sub BUILD {
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my $self = shift;
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$self->_update_flows;
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}
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sub _trigger_layer {
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my $self = shift;
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$self->_update_flows;
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}
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sub _update_flows {
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my $self = shift;
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return if !$self->region;
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if ($self->id == 0) {
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for (qw(perimeter infill solid_infill top_infill)) {
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my $method = "${_}_flow";
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$self->$method
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($self->region->first_layer_flows->{$_} || $self->region->flows->{$_});
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}
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} else {
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$self->perimeter_flow($self->region->flows->{perimeter});
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$self->infill_flow($self->region->flows->{infill});
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$self->solid_infill_flow($self->region->flows->{solid_infill});
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$self->top_infill_flow($self->region->flows->{top_infill});
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}
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}
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sub _build_overhang_width {
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my $self = shift;
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my $threshold_rad = PI/2 - atan2($self->perimeter_flow->width / $self->height / 2, 1);
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return scale($self->height * ((cos $threshold_rad) / (sin $threshold_rad)));
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}
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sub _build_infill_area_threshold {
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my $self = shift;
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return $self->solid_infill_flow->scaled_spacing ** 2;
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}
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# build polylines from lines
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sub make_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($loops) = @_;
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return if !@$loops;
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$self->slices([ _merge_loops($loops) ]);
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# detect thin walls by offsetting slices by half extrusion inwards
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{
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my $width = $self->perimeter_flow->scaled_width;
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my $outgrown = [
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offset2_ex([ map @$_, map $_->expolygon, @{$self->slices} ], -$width, +$width),
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];
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ map $_->p, @{$self->slices} ],
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[ map @$_, @$outgrown ],
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1,
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);
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$self->thin_walls([]);
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if (@$diff) {
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my $area_threshold = $self->perimeter_flow->scaled_spacing ** 2;
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@$diff = grep $_->area > ($area_threshold), @$diff;
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@{$self->thin_walls} = map $_->medial_axis($self->perimeter_flow->scaled_width), @$diff;
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Slic3r::debugf " %d thin walls detected\n", scalar(@{$self->thin_walls}) if @{$self->thin_walls};
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}
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}
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output("surfaces.svg",
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polygons => [ map $_->contour, @{$self->slices} ],
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red_polygons => [ map $_->p, map @{$_->holes}, @{$self->slices} ],
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);
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}
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}
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sub _merge_loops {
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my ($loops, $safety_offset) = @_;
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# Input loops are not suitable for evenodd nor nonzero fill types, as we might get
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# two consecutive concentric loops having the same winding order - and we have to
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# respect such order. In that case, evenodd would create wrong inversions, and nonzero
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# would ignore holes inside two concentric contours.
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# So we're ordering loops and collapse consecutive concentric loops having the same
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# winding order.
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# TODO: find a faster algorithm for this.
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my @loops = sort { $a->encloses_point($b->[0]) ? 0 : 1 } @$loops; # outer first
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$safety_offset //= scale 0.0499;
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@loops = @{ safety_offset(\@loops, $safety_offset) };
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my $expolygons = [];
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while (my $loop = shift @loops) {
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bless $loop, 'Slic3r::Polygon';
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if ($loop->is_counter_clockwise) {
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$expolygons = union_ex([ $loop, map @$_, @$expolygons ]);
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} else {
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$expolygons = diff_ex([ map @$_, @$expolygons ], [$loop]);
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}
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}
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$expolygons = [ map $_->offset_ex(-$safety_offset), @$expolygons ];
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Slic3r::debugf " %d surface(s) having %d holes detected from %d polylines\n",
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scalar(@$expolygons), scalar(map $_->holes, @$expolygons), scalar(@$loops);
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return map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL), @$expolygons;
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}
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sub make_perimeters {
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my $self = shift;
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my $perimeter_spacing = $self->perimeter_flow->scaled_spacing;
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my $infill_spacing = $self->solid_infill_flow->scaled_spacing;
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my $gap_area_threshold = $self->perimeter_flow->scaled_width ** 2;
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$self->perimeters([]);
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$self->fill_surfaces([]);
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$self->thin_fills([]);
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my @contours = (); # array of Polygons with ccw orientation
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my @holes = (); # array of Polygons with cw orientation
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my @gaps = (); # array of ExPolygons
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# we need to process each island separately because we might have different
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# extra perimeters for each one
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foreach my $surface (@{$self->slices}) {
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# detect how many perimeters must be generated for this island
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my $loop_number = $Slic3r::Config->perimeters + ($surface->extra_perimeters || 0);
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# generate loops
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# (one more than necessary so that we can detect gaps even after the desired
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# number of perimeters has been generated)
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my @last = @{$surface->expolygon};
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for my $i (0 .. $loop_number) {
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# external loop only needs half inset distance
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my $spacing = ($i == 0)
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? $perimeter_spacing / 2
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: $perimeter_spacing;
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my @offsets = offset2_ex(\@last, -1.5*$spacing, +0.5*$spacing);
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my @contours_offsets = map $_->contour, @offsets;
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my @holes_offsets = map $_->holes, @offsets;
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@offsets = (@contours_offsets, @holes_offsets); # turn @offsets from ExPolygons to Polygons
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# where offset2() collapses the expolygon, then there's no room for an inner loop
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# and we can extract the gap for later processing
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if ($Slic3r::Config->gap_fill_speed > 0 && $Slic3r::Config->fill_density > 0) {
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ offset(\@last, -0.5*$spacing) ],
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# +2 on the offset here makes sure that Clipper float truncation
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# won't shrink the clip polygon to be smaller than intended.
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[ offset(\@offsets, +0.5*$spacing + 2) ],
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);
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push @gaps, grep $_->area >= $gap_area_threshold, @$diff;
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}
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last if !@offsets || $i == $loop_number;
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push @contours, @contours_offsets;
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push @holes, @holes_offsets;
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@last = @offsets;
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}
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# create one more offset to be used as boundary for fill
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# we offset by half the perimeter spacing (to get to the actual infill boundary)
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# and then we offset back and forth by the infill spacing to only consider the
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# non-collapsing regions
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push @{ $self->fill_surfaces },
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map $_->simplify(&Slic3r::SCALED_RESOLUTION),
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offset2_ex(
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\@last,
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-($perimeter_spacing/2 + $infill_spacing),
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+$infill_spacing,
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);
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}
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$self->_fill_gaps(\@gaps);
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# find nesting hierarchies separately for contours and holes
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my $contours_pt = union_pt(\@contours, PFT_EVENODD);
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my $holes_pt = union_pt(\@holes, PFT_EVENODD);
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# prepare a coderef for traversing the PolyTree object
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# external contours are root items of $contours_pt
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# internal contours are the ones next to external
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my $traverse;
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$traverse = sub {
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my ($polynodes, $depth, $is_contour) = @_;
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# use a nearest neighbor search to order these children
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# TODO: supply second argument to chained_path_items() too?
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my @nodes = @{Slic3r::Geometry::chained_path_items(
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[ map [ ($_->{outer} ? $_->{outer}[0] : $_->{hole}[0]), $_ ], @$polynodes ],
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)};
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my @loops = ();
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foreach my $polynode (@nodes) {
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push @loops, $traverse->($polynode->{children}, $depth+1, $is_contour);
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# return ccw contours and cw holes
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# GCode.pm will convert all of them to ccw, but it needs to know
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# what the holes are in order to compute the correct inwards move
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my $polygon = Slic3r::Polygon->new($polynode->{outer} // [ reverse @{$polynode->{hole}} ]);
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$polygon->reverse if !$is_contour;
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my $role = EXTR_ROLE_PERIMETER;
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if ($is_contour ? $depth == 0 : !@{ $polynode->{children} }) {
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# external perimeters are root level in case of contours
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# and items with no children in case of holes
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$role = EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER;
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} elsif ($depth == 1 && $is_contour) {
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$role = EXTR_ROLE_CONTOUR_INTERNAL_PERIMETER;
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}
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push @loops, Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop->pack(
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polygon => $polygon,
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role => $role,
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flow_spacing => $self->perimeter_flow->spacing,
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);
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}
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return @loops;
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};
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# order loops from inner to outer (in terms of object slices)
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my @loops = (
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(reverse $traverse->($holes_pt, 0)),
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$traverse->($contours_pt, 0, 1),
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);
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# if brim will be printed, reverse the order of perimeters so that
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# we continue inwards after having finished the brim
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# TODO: add test for perimeter order
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@loops = reverse @loops
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if $Slic3r::Config->external_perimeters_first
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|| ($self->layer->id == 0 && $Slic3r::Config->brim_width > 0);
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# append perimeters
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push @{ $self->perimeters }, @loops;
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# add thin walls as perimeters
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push @{ $self->perimeters }, Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection->new(paths => [
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map {
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Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->pack(
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polyline => ($_->isa('Slic3r::Polygon') ? $_->split_at_first_point : $_),
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role => EXTR_ROLE_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER,
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flow_spacing => $self->perimeter_flow->spacing,
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);
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} @{ $self->thin_walls }
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])->chained_path;
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}
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sub _fill_gaps {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($gaps) = @_;
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return unless @$gaps;
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my $filler = $self->layer->object->fill_maker->filler('rectilinear');
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$filler->layer_id($self->layer->id);
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# we should probably use this code to handle thin walls and remove that logic from
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# make_surfaces(), but we need to enable dynamic extrusion width before as we can't
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# use zigzag for thin walls.
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# in the mean time we subtract thin walls from the detected gaps so that we don't
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# reprocess them, causing overlapping thin walls and zigzag.
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@$gaps = @{diff_ex(
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[ map @$_, @$gaps ],
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[ map $_->grow($self->perimeter_flow->scaled_width), @{$self->{thin_walls}} ],
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1,
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)};
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# medial axis-based gap fill should benefit from detection of larger gaps too, so
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# we could try with 1.5*$w for example, but that doesn't work well for zigzag fill
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# because it tends to create very sparse points along the gap when the infill direction
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# is not parallel to the gap (1.5*$w thus may only work well with a straight line)
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my $w = $self->perimeter_flow->width;
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my @widths = ($w, 0.4 * $w); # worth trying 0.2 too?
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foreach my $width (@widths) {
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my $flow = $self->perimeter_flow->clone(width => $width);
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# extract the gaps having this width
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my @this_width = map $_->offset_ex(+0.5*$flow->scaled_width),
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map $_->noncollapsing_offset_ex(-0.5*$flow->scaled_width),
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@$gaps;
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if (0) { # remember to re-enable t/dynamic.t
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# fill gaps using dynamic extrusion width, by treating them like thin polygons,
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# thus generating the skeleton and using it to fill them
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my %path_args = (
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role => EXTR_ROLE_SOLIDFILL,
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flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
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);
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push @{ $self->thin_fills }, map {
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$_->isa('Slic3r::Polygon')
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? (map $_->pack, Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop->new(polygon => $_, %path_args)->split_at_first_point) # we should keep these as loops
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: Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->pack(polyline => $_, %path_args),
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} map $_->medial_axis($flow->scaled_width), @this_width;
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Slic3r::debugf " %d gaps filled with extrusion width = %s\n", scalar @this_width, $width
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if @{ $self->thin_fills };
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} else {
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# fill gaps using zigzag infill
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# since this is infill, we have to offset by half-extrusion width inwards
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my @infill = map $_->offset_ex(-0.5*$flow->scaled_width), @this_width;
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foreach my $expolygon (@infill) {
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my @paths = $filler->fill_surface(
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Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $expolygon),
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density => 1,
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flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
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);
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my $params = shift @paths;
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push @{ $self->thin_fills },
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map {
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$_->simplify($flow->scaled_width/3);
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$_->pack;
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}
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map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
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polyline => Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_),
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role => EXTR_ROLE_GAPFILL,
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height => $self->height,
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flow_spacing => $params->{flow_spacing},
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), @paths;
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}
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}
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# check what's left
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@$gaps = @{diff_ex(
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[ map @$_, @$gaps ],
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[ map @$_, @this_width ],
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)};
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}
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}
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sub prepare_fill_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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# if no solid layers are requested, turn top/bottom surfaces to internal
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if ($Slic3r::Config->top_solid_layers == 0) {
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$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL) for grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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}
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if ($Slic3r::Config->bottom_solid_layers == 0) {
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$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_INTERNAL) for grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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}
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# turn too small internal regions into solid regions according to the user setting
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if ($Slic3r::Config->fill_density > 0) {
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my $min_area = scale scale $Slic3r::Config->solid_infill_below_area; # scaling an area requires two calls!
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my @small = grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_INTERNAL && $_->expolygon->contour->area <= $min_area, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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$_->surface_type(S_TYPE_INTERNALSOLID) for @small;
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Slic3r::debugf "identified %d small solid surfaces at layer %d\n", scalar(@small), $self->id if @small > 0;
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}
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}
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sub process_external_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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# enlarge top and bottom surfaces
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{
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# get all external surfaces
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my @top = grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_TOP, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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my @bottom = grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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# if we're slicing with no infill, we can't extend external surfaces
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# over non-existent infill
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my @fill_boundaries = $Slic3r::Config->fill_density > 0
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? @{$self->fill_surfaces}
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: grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_INTERNAL, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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# offset them and intersect the results with the actual fill boundaries
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my $margin = scale 3; # TODO: ensure this is greater than the total thickness of the perimeters
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@top = @{intersection_ex(
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[ Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper::offset([ map $_->p, @top ], +$margin) ],
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[ map $_->p, @fill_boundaries ],
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undef,
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1, # to ensure adjacent expolygons are unified
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)};
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@bottom = @{intersection_ex(
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[ Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper::offset([ map $_->p, @bottom ], +$margin) ],
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[ map $_->p, @fill_boundaries ],
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undef,
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1, # to ensure adjacent expolygons are unified
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)};
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# give priority to bottom surfaces
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@top = @{diff_ex(
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[ map @$_, @top ],
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[ map @$_, @bottom ],
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)};
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# generate new surfaces
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my @new_surfaces = ();
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push @new_surfaces, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => S_TYPE_TOP,
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), @top;
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push @new_surfaces, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
|
|
expolygon => $_,
|
|
surface_type => S_TYPE_BOTTOM,
|
|
), @bottom;
|
|
|
|
# subtract the new top surfaces from the other non-top surfaces and re-add them
|
|
my @other = grep $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_TOP && $_->surface_type != S_TYPE_BOTTOM, @{$self->fill_surfaces};
|
|
foreach my $group (Slic3r::Surface->group(@other)) {
|
|
push @new_surfaces, map $group->[0]->clone(expolygon => $_), @{diff_ex(
|
|
[ map $_->p, @$group ],
|
|
[ map $_->p, @new_surfaces ],
|
|
)};
|
|
}
|
|
@{$self->fill_surfaces} = @new_surfaces;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# detect bridge direction (skip bottom layer)
|
|
$self->_detect_bridges if $self->id > 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub _detect_bridges {
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
|
|
|
my @bottom = grep $_->surface_type == S_TYPE_BOTTOM, @{$self->fill_surfaces}; # surfaces
|
|
my @lower = @{$self->layer->object->layers->[ $self->id - 1 ]->slices}; # expolygons
|
|
|
|
foreach my $surface (@bottom) {
|
|
# detect what edges lie on lower slices
|
|
my @edges = (); # polylines
|
|
foreach my $lower (@lower) {
|
|
# turn bridge contour and holes into polylines and then clip them
|
|
# with each lower slice's contour
|
|
my @clipped = map $_->split_at_first_point->clip_with_polygon($lower->contour), @{$surface->expolygon};
|
|
if (@clipped == 2) {
|
|
# If the split_at_first_point() call above happens to split the polygon inside the clipping area
|
|
# we would get two consecutive polylines instead of a single one, so we use this ugly hack to
|
|
# recombine them back into a single one in order to trigger the @edges == 2 logic below.
|
|
# This needs to be replaced with something way better.
|
|
if (points_coincide($clipped[0][0], $clipped[-1][-1])) {
|
|
@clipped = (Slic3r::Polyline->new(@{$clipped[-1]}, @{$clipped[0]}));
|
|
}
|
|
if (points_coincide($clipped[-1][0], $clipped[0][-1])) {
|
|
@clipped = (Slic3r::Polyline->new(@{$clipped[0]}, @{$clipped[1]}));
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
push @edges, @clipped;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Slic3r::debugf "Found bridge on layer %d with %d support(s)\n", $self->id, scalar(@edges);
|
|
next if !@edges;
|
|
|
|
my $bridge_angle = undef;
|
|
|
|
if (0) {
|
|
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
|
|
Slic3r::SVG::output("bridge_$surface.svg",
|
|
expolygons => [ $surface->expolygon ],
|
|
red_expolygons => [ @lower ],
|
|
polylines => [ @edges ],
|
|
);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (@edges == 2) {
|
|
my @chords = map Slic3r::Line->new($_->[0], $_->[-1]), @edges;
|
|
my @midpoints = map $_->midpoint, @chords;
|
|
my $line_between_midpoints = Slic3r::Line->new(@midpoints);
|
|
$bridge_angle = Slic3r::Geometry::rad2deg_dir($line_between_midpoints->direction);
|
|
} elsif (@edges == 1) {
|
|
# TODO: this case includes both U-shaped bridges and plain overhangs;
|
|
# we need a trapezoidation algorithm to detect the actual bridged area
|
|
# and separate it from the overhang area.
|
|
# in the mean time, we're treating as overhangs all cases where
|
|
# our supporting edge is a straight line
|
|
if (@{$edges[0]} > 2) {
|
|
my $line = Slic3r::Line->new($edges[0]->[0], $edges[0]->[-1]);
|
|
$bridge_angle = Slic3r::Geometry::rad2deg_dir($line->direction);
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif (@edges) {
|
|
# inset the bridge expolygon; we'll use this one to clip our test lines
|
|
my $inset = [ $surface->expolygon->offset_ex($self->infill_flow->scaled_width) ];
|
|
|
|
# detect anchors as intersection between our bridge expolygon and the lower slices
|
|
my $anchors = intersection_ex(
|
|
[ $surface->p ],
|
|
[ map @$_, @lower ],
|
|
);
|
|
|
|
# we'll now try several directions using a rudimentary visibility check:
|
|
# bridge in several directions and then sum the length of lines having both
|
|
# endpoints within anchors
|
|
my %directions = (); # angle => score
|
|
my $angle_increment = PI/36; # 5°
|
|
my $line_increment = $self->infill_flow->scaled_width;
|
|
for (my $angle = 0; $angle <= PI; $angle += $angle_increment) {
|
|
# rotate everything - the center point doesn't matter
|
|
$_->rotate($angle, [0,0]) for @$inset, @$anchors;
|
|
|
|
# generate lines in this direction
|
|
my $bounding_box = Slic3r::Geometry::BoundingBox->new_from_points([ map @$_, map @$_, @$anchors ]);
|
|
my @lines = ();
|
|
for (my $x = $bounding_box->x_min; $x <= $bounding_box->x_max; $x += $line_increment) {
|
|
push @lines, [ [$x, $bounding_box->y_min], [$x, $bounding_box->y_max] ];
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# TODO: use a multi_polygon_multi_linestring_intersection() call
|
|
my @clipped_lines = map @{ Boost::Geometry::Utils::polygon_multi_linestring_intersection($_, \@lines) }, @$inset;
|
|
|
|
# remove any line not having both endpoints within anchors
|
|
@clipped_lines = grep {
|
|
my $line = $_;
|
|
!(first { $_->encloses_point_quick($line->[A]) } @$anchors)
|
|
&& !(first { $_->encloses_point_quick($line->[B]) } @$anchors);
|
|
} @clipped_lines;
|
|
|
|
# sum length of bridged lines
|
|
$directions{-$angle} = sum(map Slic3r::Geometry::line_length($_), @clipped_lines) // 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# this could be slightly optimized with a max search instead of the sort
|
|
my @sorted_directions = sort { $directions{$a} <=> $directions{$b} } keys %directions;
|
|
|
|
# the best direction is the one causing most lines to be bridged
|
|
$bridge_angle = Slic3r::Geometry::rad2deg_dir($sorted_directions[-1]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
Slic3r::debugf " Optimal infill angle of bridge on layer %d is %d degrees\n",
|
|
$self->id, $bridge_angle if defined $bridge_angle;
|
|
|
|
$surface->bridge_angle($bridge_angle);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
1;
|