528 lines
22 KiB
Perl
528 lines
22 KiB
Perl
package Slic3r::Print::SupportMaterial;
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use Moo;
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use List::Util qw(sum min max);
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use Slic3r::ExtrusionPath ':roles';
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use Slic3r::Geometry qw(scale PI rad2deg deg2rad);
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use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(offset diff union_ex intersection offset_ex offset2);
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use Slic3r::Surface ':types';
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has 'config' => (is => 'rw', default => sub { Slic3r::Config->new_from_defaults });
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has 'flow' => (is => 'rw');
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sub generate {
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my ($self, $object) = @_;
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$self->flow($object->print->support_material_flow);
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$self->config($object->config);
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# Determine the top surfaces of the support, defined as:
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# contact = overhangs - margin
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# This method is responsible for identifying what contact surfaces
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# should the support material expose to the object in order to guarantee
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# that it will be effective, regardless of how it's built below.
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my ($contact, $overhang) = $self->contact_area($object);
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# Determine the top surfaces of the object. We need these to determine
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# the layer heights of support material and to clip support to the object
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# silhouette.
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my ($top) = $self->object_top($object, $contact);
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# We now know the upper and lower boundaries for our support material object
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# (@$contact_z and @$top_z), so we can generate intermediate layers.
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my ($support_z) = $self->support_layers_z(
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[ sort keys %$contact ],
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[ sort keys %$top ],
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max(map $_->height, @{$object->layers})
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);
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# If we wanted to apply some special logic to the first support layers lying on
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# object's top surfaces this is the place to detect them
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# Propagate contact layers downwards to generate interface layers
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my ($interface) = $self->generate_interface_layers($support_z, $contact, $top);
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# Propagate contact layers and interface layers downwards to generate
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# the main support layers.
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my ($base) = $self->generate_base_layers($support_z, $contact, $interface, $top);
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# Install support layers into object.
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push @{$object->support_layers}, map Slic3r::Layer::Support->new(
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object => $object,
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id => $_,
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height => ($_ == 0) ? $support_z->[$_] : ($support_z->[$_] - $support_z->[$_-1]),
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print_z => $support_z->[$_],
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slice_z => -1,
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slices => [],
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), 0 .. $#$support_z;
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# Generate the actual toolpaths and save them into each layer.
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$self->generate_toolpaths($object, $overhang, $contact, $interface, $base);
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}
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sub contact_area {
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my ($self, $object) = @_;
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# how much we extend support around the actual contact area
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#my $margin = $flow->scaled_width / 2;
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my $margin = scale 3;
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# increment used to reach $margin in steps to avoid trespassing thin objects
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my $margin_step = $margin/3;
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# if user specified a custom angle threshold, convert it to radians
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my $threshold_rad;
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if ($self->config->support_material_threshold) {
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$threshold_rad = deg2rad($self->config->support_material_threshold + 1); # +1 makes the threshold inclusive
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Slic3r::debugf "Threshold angle = %d°\n", rad2deg($threshold_rad);
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}
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# determine contact areas
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my %contact = (); # contact_z => [ polygons ]
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my %overhang = (); # contact_z => [ expolygons ] - this stores the actual overhang supported by each contact layer
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for my $layer_id (1 .. $#{$object->layers}) {
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last if $layer_id > $self->config->raft_layers && !$self->config->support_material;
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my $layer = $object->layers->[$layer_id];
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my $lower_layer = $object->layers->[$layer_id-1];
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# detect overhangs and contact areas needed to support them
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my (@overhang, @contact) = ();
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foreach my $layerm (@{$layer->regions}) {
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my $fw = $layerm->perimeter_flow->scaled_width;
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my $diff;
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# If a threshold angle was specified, use a different logic for detecting overhangs.
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if (defined $threshold_rad
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|| $layer_id <= $self->config->support_material_enforce_layers
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|| $layer_id <= $self->config->raft_layers) {
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my $d = defined $threshold_rad
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? scale $lower_layer->height * ((cos $threshold_rad) / (sin $threshold_rad))
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: 0;
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$diff = diff(
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offset([ map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices} ], -$d),
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[ map @$_, @{$lower_layer->slices} ],
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);
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# only enforce spacing from the object ($fw/2) if the threshold angle
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# is not too high: in that case, $d will be very small (as we need to catch
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# very short overhangs), and such contact area would be eaten by the
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# enforced spacing, resulting in high threshold angles to be almost ignored
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$diff = diff(
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offset($diff, $d - $fw/2),
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[ map @$_, @{$lower_layer->slices} ],
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) if $d > $fw/2;
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} else {
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$diff = diff(
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offset([ map $_->p, @{$layerm->slices} ], -$fw/2),
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[ map @$_, @{$lower_layer->slices} ],
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);
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# $diff now contains the ring or stripe comprised between the boundary of
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# lower slices and the centerline of the last perimeter in this overhanging layer.
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# Void $diff means that there's no upper perimeter whose centerline is
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# outside the lower slice boundary, thus no overhang
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}
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next if !@$diff;
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push @overhang, @{union_ex($diff)}; # NOTE: this is not the full overhang as it misses the outermost half of the perimeter width!
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# Let's define the required contact area by using a max gap of half the upper
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# extrusion width and extending the area according to the configured margin.
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# We increment the area in steps because we don't want our support to overflow
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# on the other side of the object (if it's very thin).
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{
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my @slices_margin = @{offset([ map @$_, @{$lower_layer->slices} ], $fw/2)};
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for ($fw/2, map {$margin_step} 1..($margin / $margin_step)) {
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$diff = diff(
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offset($diff, $_),
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\@slices_margin,
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);
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}
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}
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push @contact, @$diff;
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}
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next if !@contact;
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# now apply the contact areas to the layer were they need to be made
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{
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# get the average nozzle diameter used on this layer
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my @nozzle_diameters = map $_->nozzle_diameter,
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map { $_->perimeter_flow, $_->solid_infill_flow }
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@{$layer->regions};
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my $nozzle_diameter = sum(@nozzle_diameters)/@nozzle_diameters;
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my $contact_z = $layer->print_z - $nozzle_diameter * 1.5;
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###$contact_z = $layer->print_z - $layer->height;
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# ignore this contact area if it's too low
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next if $contact_z < $Slic3r::Config->get_value('first_layer_height');
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$contact{$contact_z} = [ @contact ];
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$overhang{$contact_z} = [ @overhang ];
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output("contact_" . $contact_z . ".svg",
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expolygons => union_ex(\@contact),
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red_expolygons => \@overhang,
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);
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}
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}
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}
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return (\%contact, \%overhang);
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}
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sub object_top {
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my ($self, $object, $contact) = @_;
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# find object top surfaces
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# we'll use them to clip our support and detect where does it stick
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my %top = (); # print_z => [ expolygons ]
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{
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my $projection = [];
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foreach my $layer (reverse @{$object->layers}) {
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if (my @top = map @{$_->slices->filter_by_type(S_TYPE_TOP)}, @{$layer->regions}) {
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# compute projection of the contact areas above this top layer
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# first add all the 'new' contact areas to the current projection
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# ('new' means all the areas that are lower than the last top layer
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# we considered)
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my $min_top = min(keys %top) // max(keys %$contact);
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# use <= instead of just < because otherwise we'd ignore any contact regions
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# having the same Z of top layers
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push @$projection, map @{$contact->{$_}}, grep { $_ > $layer->print_z && $_ <= $min_top } keys %$contact;
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# now find whether any projection falls onto this top surface
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my $touching = intersection($projection, [ map $_->p, @top ]);
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if (@$touching) {
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# grow top surfaces so that interface and support generation are generated
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# with some spacing from object - it looks we don't need the actual
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# top shapes so this can be done here
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$top{ $layer->print_z } = offset($touching, $self->flow->scaled_spacing);
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}
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# remove the areas that touched from the projection that will continue on
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# next, lower, top surfaces
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$projection = diff($projection, $touching);
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}
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}
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}
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return \%top;
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}
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sub support_layers_z {
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my ($self, $contact_z, $top_z, $max_object_layer_height) = @_;
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# quick table to check whether a given Z is a top surface
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my %top = map { $_ => 1 } @$top_z;
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# determine layer height for any non-contact layer
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# we use max() to prevent many ultra-thin layers to be inserted in case
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# layer_height > nozzle_diameter * 0.75
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my $nozzle_diameter = $self->flow->nozzle_diameter;
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my $support_material_height = max($max_object_layer_height, $nozzle_diameter * 0.75);
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my @z = sort { $a <=> $b } @$contact_z, @$top_z, (map $_ + $nozzle_diameter, @$top_z);
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# enforce first layer height
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my $first_layer_height = $self->config->get_value('first_layer_height');
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shift @z while @z && $z[0] <= $first_layer_height;
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unshift @z, $first_layer_height;
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for (my $i = $#z; $i >= 0; $i--) {
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my $target_height = $support_material_height;
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if ($i > 0 && $top{ $z[$i-1] }) {
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$target_height = $nozzle_diameter;
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}
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# enforce first layer height
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if (($i == 0 && $z[$i] > $target_height + $first_layer_height)
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|| ($z[$i] - $z[$i-1] > $target_height + Slic3r::Geometry::epsilon)) {
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splice @z, $i, 0, ($z[$i] - $target_height);
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$i++;
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}
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}
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# remove duplicates and make sure all 0.x values have the leading 0
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{
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my %sl = map { 1 * $_ => 1 } @z;
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@z = sort { $a <=> $b } keys %sl;
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}
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return \@z;
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}
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sub generate_interface_layers {
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my ($self, $support_z, $contact, $top) = @_;
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# let's now generate interface layers below contact areas
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my %interface = (); # layer_id => [ polygons ]
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my $interface_layers = $self->config->support_material_interface_layers;
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for my $layer_id (0 .. $#$support_z) {
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my $z = $support_z->[$layer_id];
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my $this = $contact->{$z} // next;
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# count contact layer as interface layer
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for (my $i = $layer_id-1; $i >= 0 && $i > $layer_id-$interface_layers; $i--) {
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$z = $support_z->[$i];
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# Compute interface area on this layer as diff of upper contact area
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# (or upper interface area) and layer slices.
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# This diff is responsible of the contact between support material and
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# the top surfaces of the object. We should probably offset the top
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# surfaces before performing the diff, but this needs investigation.
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$this = $interface{$i} = diff(
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[
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@$this, # clipped projection of the current contact regions
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@{ $interface{$i} || [] }, # interface regions already applied to this layer
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],
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[
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@{ $top->{$z} || [] }, # top slices on this layer
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@{ $contact->{$z} || [] }, # contact regions on this layer
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],
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1,
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);
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}
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}
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return \%interface;
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}
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sub generate_base_layers {
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my ($self, $support_z, $contact, $interface, $top) = @_;
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# let's now generate support layers under interface layers
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my $base = {}; # layer_id => [ polygons ]
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{
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for my $i (reverse 0 .. $#$support_z-1) {
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my $z = $support_z->[$i];
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$base->{$i} = diff(
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[
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@{ $base->{$i+1} || [] }, # support regions on upper layer
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@{ $interface->{$i+1} || [] }, # interface regions on upper layer
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],
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[
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@{ $top->{$z} || [] }, # top slices on this layer
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@{ $interface->{$i} || [] }, # interface regions on this layer
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@{ $contact->{$z} || [] }, # contact regions on this layer
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],
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1,
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);
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}
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}
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return $base;
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}
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sub generate_toolpaths {
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my ($self, $object, $overhang, $contact, $interface, $base) = @_;
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my $flow = $self->flow;
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# shape of contact area
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my $contact_loops = 1;
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my $circle_radius = 1.5 * $flow->scaled_width;
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my $circle_distance = 3 * $circle_radius;
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my $circle = Slic3r::Polygon->new(map [ $circle_radius * cos $_, $circle_radius * sin $_ ], (5*PI/3, 4*PI/3, PI, 2*PI/3, PI/3, 0));
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Slic3r::debugf "Generating patterns\n";
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# prepare fillers
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my $pattern = $self->config->support_material_pattern;
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my @angles = ($self->config->support_material_angle);
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if ($pattern eq 'rectilinear-grid') {
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$pattern = 'rectilinear';
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push @angles, $angles[0] + 90;
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}
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my %fillers = (
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interface => $object->fill_maker->filler('rectilinear'),
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support => $object->fill_maker->filler($pattern),
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);
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my $interface_angle = $self->config->support_material_angle + 90;
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my $interface_spacing = $self->config->support_material_interface_spacing + $flow->spacing;
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my $interface_density = $interface_spacing == 0 ? 1 : $flow->spacing / $interface_spacing;
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my $support_spacing = $self->config->support_material_spacing + $flow->spacing;
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my $support_density = $support_spacing == 0 ? 1 : $flow->spacing / $support_spacing;
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my $process_layer = sub {
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my ($layer_id) = @_;
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my $layer = $object->support_layers->[$layer_id];
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my $z = $layer->print_z;
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my $overhang = $overhang->{$z} || [];
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my $contact = $contact->{$z} || [];
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my $interface = $interface->{$layer_id} || [];
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my $base = $base->{$layer_id} || [];
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output("layer_" . $z . ".svg",
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red_expolygons => union_ex($contact),
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green_expolygons => union_ex($interface),
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);
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}
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# islands
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$layer->support_islands->append(@{union_ex([ @$interface, @$base, @$contact ])});
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# contact
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my $contact_infill = [];
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if ($contact && $contact_loops > 0) {
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$contact = [ grep $_->is_counter_clockwise, @$contact ];
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# generate the outermost loop
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my @loops0;
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{
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# find centerline of the external loop of the contours
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my @external_loops = @{offset($contact, -$flow->scaled_width/2)};
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# apply a pattern to the loop
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my @positions = map Slic3r::Polygon->new(@$_)->split_at_first_point->regular_points($circle_distance), @external_loops;
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@loops0 = @{diff(
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[ @external_loops ],
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[ map $circle->clone->translate(@$_), @positions ],
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)};
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}
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# make more loops
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my @loops = @loops0;
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for my $i (2..$contact_loops) {
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my $d = ($i-1) * $flow->scaled_spacing;
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push @loops, @{offset2(\@loops0, -$d -0.5*$flow->scaled_spacing, +0.5*$flow->scaled_spacing)};
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}
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# clip such loops to the side oriented towards the object
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@loops = map Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_),
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@{ Boost::Geometry::Utils::multi_polygon_multi_linestring_intersection(
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[ map $_->pp, @{offset_ex([ map @$_, @$overhang ], +scale 3)} ],
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[ map Slic3r::Polygon->new(@$_)->split_at_first_point->pp, @loops ],
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) };
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# add the contact infill area to the interface area
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$contact_infill = offset2(\@loops0, -($contact_loops + 0.5) * $flow->scaled_spacing, +0.5*$flow->scaled_spacing);
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# transform loops into ExtrusionPath objects
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@loops = map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
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polyline => $_,
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role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL,
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flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
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), @loops;
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$layer->support_interface_fills->append(@loops);
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}
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# interface and contact infill
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if (@$interface || @$contact_infill) {
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$fillers{interface}->angle($interface_angle);
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# steal some space from support
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$interface = intersection(
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offset([ @$interface, @$contact_infill ], scale 3),
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[ @$interface, @$base, @$contact_infill ],
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1,
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);
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$base = diff(
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$base,
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$interface,
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);
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my @paths = ();
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foreach my $expolygon (@{union_ex($interface)}) {
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my @p = $fillers{interface}->fill_surface(
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Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $expolygon, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
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density => $interface_density,
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flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
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complete => 1,
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);
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my $params = shift @p;
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push @paths, map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
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polyline => Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_),
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role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL,
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height => undef,
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flow_spacing => $params->{flow_spacing},
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), @p;
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}
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$layer->support_interface_fills->append(@paths);
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}
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# support or flange
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if (@$base) {
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my $filler = $fillers{support};
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$filler->angle($angles[ ($layer_id) % @angles ]);
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my $density = $support_density;
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my $flow_spacing = $flow->spacing;
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# TODO: use offset2_ex()
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my $to_infill = union_ex($base, 1);
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my @paths = ();
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# base flange
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if ($layer_id == 0) {
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$filler = $fillers{interface};
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$filler->angle($self->config->support_material_angle + 90);
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$density = 0.5;
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$flow_spacing = $object->print->first_layer_support_material_flow->spacing;
|
||
} else {
|
||
# draw a perimeter all around support infill
|
||
# TODO: use brim ordering algorithm
|
||
push @paths, map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
|
||
polyline => $_->split_at_first_point,
|
||
role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL,
|
||
height => undef,
|
||
flow_spacing => $flow->spacing,
|
||
), map @$_, @$to_infill;
|
||
|
||
# TODO: use offset2_ex()
|
||
$to_infill = offset_ex([ map @$_, @$to_infill ], -$flow->scaled_spacing);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
foreach my $expolygon (@$to_infill) {
|
||
my @p = $filler->fill_surface(
|
||
Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $expolygon, surface_type => S_TYPE_INTERNAL),
|
||
density => $density,
|
||
flow_spacing => $flow_spacing,
|
||
complete => 1,
|
||
);
|
||
my $params = shift @p;
|
||
|
||
push @paths, map Slic3r::ExtrusionPath->new(
|
||
polyline => Slic3r::Polyline->new(@$_),
|
||
role => EXTR_ROLE_SUPPORTMATERIAL,
|
||
height => undef,
|
||
flow_spacing => $params->{flow_spacing},
|
||
), @p;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
$layer->support_fills->append(@paths);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (0) {
|
||
require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
|
||
Slic3r::SVG::output("islands_" . $z . ".svg",
|
||
red_expolygons => union_ex($contact),
|
||
green_expolygons => union_ex($interface),
|
||
green_polylines => [ map $_->unpack->polyline, @{$layer->support_contact_fills} ],
|
||
polylines => [ map $_->unpack->polyline, @{$layer->support_fills} ],
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
Slic3r::parallelize(
|
||
items => [ 0 .. $#{$object->support_layers} ],
|
||
thread_cb => sub {
|
||
my $q = shift;
|
||
while (defined (my $layer_id = $q->dequeue)) {
|
||
$process_layer->($layer_id);
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
no_threads_cb => sub {
|
||
$process_layer->($_) for 0 .. $#{$object->support_layers};
|
||
},
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
1;
|