468 lines
17 KiB
Perl
468 lines
17 KiB
Perl
package Slic3r::Layer;
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use Moo;
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use Math::Clipper ':all';
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use Slic3r::Geometry qw(scale collinear X Y A B PI rad2deg_dir bounding_box_center);
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use Slic3r::Geometry::Clipper qw(union_ex diff_ex intersection_ex xor_ex is_counter_clockwise);
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use XXX;
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# a sequential number of layer, starting at 0
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has 'id' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'Int',
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required => 1,
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);
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has 'slicing_errors' => (is => 'rw');
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# collection of spare segments generated by slicing the original geometry;
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# these need to be merged in continuos (closed) polylines
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has 'lines' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::TriangleMesh::IntersectionLine]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# collection of surfaces generated by slicing the original geometry
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has 'slices' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of polygons or polylines representing thin walls contained
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# in the original geometry
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has 'thin_walls' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of expolygons generated by offsetting the innermost perimeter(s)
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# they represent boundaries of areas to fill
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has 'fill_boundaries' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of polygons or polylines representing thin infill regions that
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# need to be filled with a medial axis
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has 'thin_fills' => (is => 'ro', default => sub { [] });
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# collection of surfaces generated by clipping the slices to the fill boundaries
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has 'surfaces' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::Surface]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# collection of surfaces for infill
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has 'fill_surfaces' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::Surface]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to build all perimeters
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has 'perimeters' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to build skirt loops
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has 'skirts' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::ExtrusionLoop]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to fill surfaces for support material
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has 'support_fills' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection',
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);
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# ordered collection of extrusion paths to fill surfaces
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has 'fills' => (
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is => 'rw',
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#isa => 'ArrayRef[Slic3r::ExtrusionPath::Collection]',
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default => sub { [] },
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);
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# Z used for slicing
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sub slice_z {
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my $self = shift;
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if ($self->id == 0) {
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return ($Slic3r::layer_height * $Slic3r::first_layer_height_ratio) / 2 / $Slic3r::resolution;
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}
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return (($Slic3r::layer_height * $Slic3r::first_layer_height_ratio)
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+ (($self->id-1) * $Slic3r::layer_height)
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+ ($Slic3r::layer_height/2)) / $Slic3r::resolution;
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}
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# Z used for printing
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sub print_z {
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my $self = shift;
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return (($Slic3r::layer_height * $Slic3r::first_layer_height_ratio)
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+ ($self->id * $Slic3r::layer_height)) / $Slic3r::resolution;
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}
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sub height {
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my $self = shift;
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return $self->id == 0
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? ($Slic3r::layer_height * $Slic3r::first_layer_height_ratio)
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: $Slic3r::layer_height;
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}
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sub add_line {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($line) = @_;
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push @{ $self->lines }, $line;
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return $line;
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}
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# build polylines from lines
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sub make_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($loops) = @_;
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{
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# TODO: fix self-intersecting polygons in $loops (GH #160)
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# merge everything
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my $expolygons = union_ex($loops);
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# sometimes the magic of floating point values produces holes outside of any contour;
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# we need to ignore such holes, but Clipper will convert them to contours.
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# so we identify them and remove them manually.
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my $area_sum = sub {
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my $area = 0;
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$area += $_->area for @_;
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return $area;
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};
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# get expolygons without holes (candidate for reverse holes detection)
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my @expolygons_without_holes = grep { @$_ == 1 } @$expolygons;
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# prepare holes as contours to allow for safe xor'ing
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my @reversed_holes = map [ reverse @$_ ], grep !is_counter_clockwise($_), @$loops;
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# compare each expolygon without holes with each original hole; if their XOR
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# is empty then they're the same and we can remove the hole from our layer
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my %bogus_holes = ();
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foreach my $contour (map $_->contour, @expolygons_without_holes) {
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foreach my $hole (grep !exists $bogus_holes{$_}, @reversed_holes) {
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my $xor = xor_ex([$contour], [$hole]);
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if ($area_sum->(@$xor) < scale 1) { # TODO: define this threshold better
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$bogus_holes{$hole} = $hole;
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}
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}
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}
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# remove identified holes
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$expolygons = diff_ex(
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[ map @$_, @$expolygons ],
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[ values %bogus_holes ],
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) if %bogus_holes;
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Slic3r::debugf " %d bogus hole(s) removed\n", scalar(values %bogus_holes) if %bogus_holes;
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Slic3r::debugf " %d surface(s) having %d holes detected from %d polylines\n",
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scalar(@$expolygons), scalar(map $_->holes, @$expolygons), scalar(@$loops);
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push @{$self->slices},
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map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => 'internal'),
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@$expolygons;
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}
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# the contours must be offsetted by half extrusion width inwards
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{
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my $distance = scale $Slic3r::flow_width / 2;
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my @surfaces = @{$self->slices};
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@{$self->slices} = ();
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foreach my $surface (@surfaces) {
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push @{$self->slices}, map Slic3r::Surface->new
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(expolygon => $_, surface_type => 'internal'),
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$surface->expolygon->offset_ex(-$distance);
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}
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# now detect thin walls by re-outgrowing offsetted surfaces and subtracting
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# them from the original slices
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my $outgrown = Math::Clipper::offset([ map $_->p, @{$self->slices} ], $distance);
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ map $_->p, @surfaces ],
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$outgrown,
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1,
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);
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# TODO: remove very small expolygons from diff before attempting to do medial axis
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# (benchmark first)
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push @{$self->thin_walls},
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grep $_,
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map $_->medial_axis(scale $Slic3r::flow_width),
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@$diff;
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Slic3r::debugf " %d thin walls detected\n", scalar(@{$self->thin_walls}) if @{$self->thin_walls};
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}
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output(undef, "surfaces.svg",
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polygons => [ map $_->contour, @{$self->slices} ],
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red_polygons => [ map $_->p, map @{$_->holes}, @{$self->slices} ],
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);
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}
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}
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sub prepare_fill_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my @surfaces = @{$self->surfaces};
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# merge too small internal surfaces with their surrounding tops
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# (if they're too small, they can be treated as solid)
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{
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my $min_area = ((7 * $Slic3r::flow_spacing / $Slic3r::resolution)**2) * PI;
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my $small_internal = [
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grep { $_->expolygon->contour->area <= $min_area }
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grep { $_->surface_type eq 'internal' }
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@surfaces
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];
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foreach my $s (@$small_internal) {
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@surfaces = grep $_ ne $s, @surfaces;
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}
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my $union = union_ex([
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(map $_->p, grep $_->surface_type eq 'top', @surfaces),
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(map @$_, map $_->expolygon->safety_offset, @$small_internal),
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]);
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my @top = map Slic3r::Surface->new(expolygon => $_, surface_type => 'top'), @$union;
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@surfaces = (grep($_->surface_type ne 'top', @surfaces), @top);
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}
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# remove top/bottom surfaces
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if ($Slic3r::solid_layers == 0) {
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@surfaces = grep $_->surface_type eq 'internal', @surfaces;
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}
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# remove internal surfaces
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if ($Slic3r::fill_density == 0) {
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@surfaces = grep $_->surface_type ne 'internal', @surfaces;
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}
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$self->fill_surfaces([@surfaces]);
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}
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sub remove_small_surfaces {
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my $self = shift;
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my $distance = scale $Slic3r::flow_spacing / 2;
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my @surfaces = @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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@{$self->fill_surfaces} = ();
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foreach my $surface (@surfaces) {
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# offset inwards
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my @offsets = $surface->expolygon->offset_ex(-$distance);
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# offset the results outwards again and merge the results
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@offsets = map $_->offset_ex($distance), @offsets;
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@offsets = @{ union_ex([ map @$_, @offsets ], undef, 1) };
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push @{$self->fill_surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => $surface->surface_type), @offsets;
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}
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Slic3r::debugf "identified %d small surfaces at layer %d\n",
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(@surfaces - @{$self->fill_surfaces}), $self->id
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if @{$self->fill_surfaces} != @surfaces;
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# the difference between @surfaces and $self->fill_surfaces
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# is what's too small; we add it back as solid infill
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if ($Slic3r::fill_density > 0) {
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ map $_->p, @surfaces ],
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[ map $_->p, @{$self->fill_surfaces} ],
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);
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push @{$self->fill_surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => 'internal-solid'), @$diff;
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}
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}
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sub remove_small_perimeters {
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my $self = shift;
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my @good_perimeters = grep $_->is_printable, @{$self->perimeters};
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Slic3r::debugf "removed %d unprintable perimeters at layer %d\n",
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(@{$self->perimeters} - @good_perimeters), $self->id
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if @good_perimeters != @{$self->perimeters};
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@{$self->perimeters} = @good_perimeters;
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}
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# make bridges printable
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sub process_bridges {
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my $self = shift;
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# no bridges are possible if we have no internal surfaces
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return if $Slic3r::fill_density == 0;
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my @bridges = ();
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# a bottom surface on a layer > 0 is either a bridge or a overhang
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# or a combination of both; any top surface is a candidate for
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# reverse bridge processing
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my @solid_surfaces = grep {
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($_->surface_type eq 'bottom' && $self->id > 0) || $_->surface_type eq 'top'
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} @{$self->fill_surfaces} or return;
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my @internal_surfaces = grep $_->surface_type =~ /internal/, @{$self->slices};
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SURFACE: foreach my $surface (@solid_surfaces) {
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my $expolygon = $surface->expolygon->safety_offset;
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my $description = $surface->surface_type eq 'bottom' ? 'bridge/overhang' : 'reverse bridge';
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# offset the contour and intersect it with the internal surfaces to discover
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# which of them has contact with our bridge
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my @supporting_surfaces = ();
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my ($contour_offset) = $expolygon->contour->offset(scale $Slic3r::flow_spacing * sqrt(2));
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foreach my $internal_surface (@internal_surfaces) {
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my $intersection = intersection_ex([$contour_offset], [$internal_surface->p]);
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if (@$intersection) {
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push @supporting_surfaces, $internal_surface;
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}
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}
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output(undef, "bridge_surfaces.svg",
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green_polygons => [ map $_->p, @supporting_surfaces ],
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red_polygons => [ @$expolygon ],
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);
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}
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Slic3r::debugf "Found $description on layer %d with %d support(s)\n",
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$self->id, scalar(@supporting_surfaces);
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next SURFACE unless @supporting_surfaces;
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my $bridge_angle = undef;
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if ($surface->surface_type eq 'bottom') {
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# detect optimal bridge angle
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my $bridge_over_hole = 0;
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my @edges = (); # edges are POLYLINES
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foreach my $supporting_surface (@supporting_surfaces) {
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my @surface_edges = map $_->clip_with_polygon($contour_offset),
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($supporting_surface->contour, $supporting_surface->holes);
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if (@supporting_surfaces == 1 && @surface_edges == 1
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&& @{$supporting_surface->contour} == @{$surface_edges[0]}) {
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$bridge_over_hole = 1;
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}
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push @edges, grep { @$_ } @surface_edges;
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}
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Slic3r::debugf " Bridge is supported on %d edge(s)\n", scalar(@edges);
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Slic3r::debugf " and covers a hole\n" if $bridge_over_hole;
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if (0) {
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require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
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Slic3r::SVG::output(undef, "bridge_edges.svg",
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polylines => [ map $_->p, @edges ],
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);
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}
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if (@edges == 2) {
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my @chords = map Slic3r::Line->new($_->[0], $_->[-1]), @edges;
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my @midpoints = map $_->midpoint, @chords;
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my $line_between_midpoints = Slic3r::Line->new(@midpoints);
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$bridge_angle = rad2deg_dir($line_between_midpoints->direction);
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} elsif (@edges == 1) {
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my $line = Slic3r::Line->new($edges[0]->[0], $edges[0]->[-1]);
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$bridge_angle = rad2deg_dir($line->direction);
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} else {
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my $center = bounding_box_center([ map @$_, @edges ]);
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my $x = my $y = 0;
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foreach my $point (map @$, @edges) {
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my $line = Slic3r::Line->new($center, $point);
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my $dir = $line->direction;
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my $len = $line->length;
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$x += cos($dir) * $len;
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$y += sin($dir) * $len;
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}
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$bridge_angle = rad2deg_dir(atan2($y, $x));
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}
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Slic3r::debugf " Optimal infill angle of bridge on layer %d is %d degrees\n",
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$self->id, $bridge_angle if defined $bridge_angle;
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}
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# now, extend our bridge by taking a portion of supporting surfaces
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{
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# offset the bridge by the specified amount of mm (minimum 3)
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my $bridge_overlap = scale 3;
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my ($bridge_offset) = $expolygon->contour->offset($bridge_overlap);
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# calculate the new bridge
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my $intersection = intersection_ex(
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[ @$expolygon, map $_->p, @supporting_surfaces ],
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[ $bridge_offset ],
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);
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push @bridges, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => $surface->surface_type,
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bridge_angle => $bridge_angle,
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), @$intersection;
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}
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}
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# now we need to merge bridges to avoid overlapping
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{
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# build a list of unique bridge types
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my @surface_groups = Slic3r::Surface->group(@bridges);
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# merge bridges of the same type, removing any of the bridges already merged;
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# the order of @surface_groups determines the priority between bridges having
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# different surface_type or bridge_angle
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@bridges = ();
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foreach my $surfaces (@surface_groups) {
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my $union = union_ex([ map $_->p, @$surfaces ]);
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my $diff = diff_ex(
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[ map @$_, @$union ],
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[ map $_->p, @bridges ],
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);
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push @bridges, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => $surfaces->[0]->surface_type,
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bridge_angle => $surfaces->[0]->bridge_angle,
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), @$union;
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}
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}
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# apply bridges to layer
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{
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my @surfaces = @{$self->fill_surfaces};
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@{$self->fill_surfaces} = ();
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# intersect layer surfaces with bridges to get actual bridges
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foreach my $bridge (@bridges) {
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my $actual_bridge = intersection_ex(
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[ map $_->p, @surfaces ],
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[ $bridge->p ],
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);
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push @{$self->fill_surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => $bridge->surface_type,
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bridge_angle => $bridge->bridge_angle,
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), @$actual_bridge;
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}
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# difference between layer surfaces and bridges are the other surfaces
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foreach my $group (Slic3r::Surface->group(@surfaces)) {
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my $difference = diff_ex(
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[ map $_->p, @$group ],
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[ map $_->p, @bridges ],
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);
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push @{$self->fill_surfaces}, map Slic3r::Surface->new(
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expolygon => $_,
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surface_type => $group->[0]->surface_type), @$difference;
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}
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}
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}
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1;
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